Demystifying Federated Learning in Artificial Intelligence With Human-Computer Interaction

Introduction

Human-computer interaction is the study of the design and use of computer technology, with an emphasis on the interfaces between humans and computers (Whig et al., 2022). HCI researchers study how people interact with processors and create knowledge that allows humans to connect with computers in innovative ways.

Human-computer interaction is a research subject that combines computer science, behavioral sciences, design, media studies, and numerous other disciplines. Stuart K. Card, Allen Newell, and Thomas P. Moran popularized the phrase in their landmark 1983 book, The Thinking of Human with Computer Interaction, while the authors originally used the word in 1980 and the earliest documented usage was in 1975. The phrase implies that, in contrast to other instruments with restricted applications, a computer has numerous uses, which occur as an open-ended conversation between the user and the computer. The concept of dialogue compares human-computer interaction to human with the human conversation, which is important for theoretical concerns in the subject (Anand et al., 2022).

Previously, Human-Computer Interface (HCI) was known as man-machine research or man-machine interaction. It is worried about the design, implementation, and evaluation of computer systems and associated phenomena for human use.

HCI may be applied in any discipline where computer installation is possible (Alkali et al., 2022). Some of the areas where HCI may be applied with particular significance are listed below in Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Areas associated with HCI

Humans engage with computers in a variety of ways, and the edge that exists between humans and the computers they use is critical to allow this connection. Desktop programs, web browsers, portable computers, and computer kiosks all make use of today's popular graphical user interfaces (GUI) (Chopra & Whig, 2022). Voice user interfaces (VUI) are utilized in voice recognition and synthesis systems and developing multi-modal and gestalt User Interfaces (GUI) enable people to interact with embodied character agents in ways that conventional interface paradigms cannot. In its history, the HCI field has grown in terms of interaction quality and branching (George et al., 2021). Rather than building traditional interfaces, several study disciplines have focused on concepts like multimodality versus mono modality, intelligent adaptive interfaces against command/action based interfaces, and active versus passive interfaces. (Mamza, 2021).

Human-computer interaction is defined by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) as “a field concerned with the design, development, and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use, as well as the study of key phenomena surrounding them.” Securing user happiness is an essential aspect of HCI (Sinha & Ranjan, 2015). “Because human-computer interaction investigates the interaction of a human and a machine, it depends on supporting information from both the machine and the human side. On the machine side, techniques in computer graphics, operating systems, programming languages, and development environments are important. (Parihar & Yadav, 2022.).

On the human side, communication theory, visual and industrial design disciplines, linguistics, social sciences, cognitive psychology, social psychology, and human factors like computer user satisfaction are all vital. Of course, engineering and design approaches are important (Bhargav & Whig, 2021). People from many backgrounds contribute to the success of HCI due to its interdisciplinary character. Human-machine interaction (HCI) is also known as HMI, man-machine interaction (MMI), and computer-human interaction (CHI) (Khera et al., 2021).