Abstract
The demand for the quick transmission of data at any point and at any location motivates researchers from the industry and academics to work for the enhancement of ad hoc networks. With time, various forms of ad hoc networks are evolved. These are MANET, VANET, FANET, AANET, WSN, SPAN, etc. The initial objective of VANET is to provide safety applications by combining them with ITS. But later, the applications of VANET are extended to commercial, convenience, entertainment, and productive applications. Similarly, connections among multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) through wireless links, architectural simplicity, autonomous behaviour of UAV, etc. motivate the researchers to use FANET in various sectors like military, agriculture, and transportation for numerous applications. Search and rescue operations, forest fire detection and monitoring, crop management monitoring, area mapping, and road traffic monitoring are some of the applications of FANET. The authors mentioned some applications in the chapter using VANET, FANET, and the combination of VANET and FANET.
TopIntroduction
Advancement in wireless access technology, demands in communication at anytime and at any location, availability of various sensors at affordable cost increases the demand for the ad hoc network (Helen & Arivazhagan, 2014). As per the demand for communication, various forms of ad hoc networks are evolved (Al-Absi & Lee, 2021). Different ad hoc networks are mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET), flying ad hoc networks (FANET), airlift ad hoc networks (AANET), wireless sensor networks (WSN), smartphone ad hoc networks (SPAN), etc. Overall comparison for the different forms of ad hoc networks is presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Comparison of different forms of ad hoc networks
| Characteristics | MANET | VANET | FANET | AANET | WSN | SPAN |
| Network connectivity | High | Medium | Low | Low | High | Medium |
| Availability of energy | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Medium |
| Mobility models | Random | Restricted | Restricted | Random | Restricted | Restricted |
| Speed of the node | Medium | High | High | High | Low | Low |
| Link connectivity | Changes occasionally | Changes frequently | Changes frequently | Changes frequently | Changes occasionally | Changes Occasionally |
(Zhang, et al., 2019)