Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging computing paradigm that supports the interconnection of objects. With the rapid growth in smart technologies, IoT is gaining popularity from industry and academia focusing on communication and networking of smart objects. It is assumed that in a typical IoT application, the smart sensors are capable of directly delivering a service with no or minimal human involvement. There are many new technologies that are driving the development of IoT, which include cloud computing, wireless sensor networks, and 5G, etc. On the other hand, there are many research challenges that need to be addressed such as identity management of billions of devices connected to the internet, standardization, privacy, energy management, security of the information, space to store and process the information, etc. In this regard, the main focus of this chapter is to present IoT in a broader perspective and its associated technologies and applications along with a review of the work published in these areas.
TopBackground
IoT has drawn significant attention not only from the industry but also from researchers across the globe. Several research articles have been published, describing the architecture and its applications in the last decade. There are a number of surveys and review papers that cover the different aspects of IoT technology (Atzori, et al., 2010; Yi & Liang, 2010; Gubbi et al.,2013; Ma, 2011; Kuyoro et al., 2015; Lee et al. 2017, Sethi & Sarangi, 2017). In addition, the authors also presented relevant applications of IoT. Although the emerging IoT has attracted a lot of demands, there are numerous issues to be addressed. There are many series of conferences which are themed to address these issues such as conferences organized by IEEE, ACM, and other societies including IFIP’s CONFENIS, IEEE SMC International Conference on Enterprise Systems, International Conference on the Internet of Things etc.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN): A network composed of a large number of sensor nodes, which are densely deployed to monitor the system, physical or environmental conditions.
5G: It is the fifth Generation of wireless access networks.
IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6): A 128-bit long network layer protocol that is used to uniquely address the devices connected to the network.
Global Positioning System (GPS): A satellite-based navigation system that provides location, velocity and time synchronization to the users.
Cyber-Physical System (CPS): An integration of computation and physical processes, in which operations are monitored, coordinated, controlled and integrated by a computing and communication core.
Long-Term Evolution (LTE): A wireless access network technology that is considered the fourth-generation wireless system.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID): The wireless system to transfer data which uses radio frequency waves to transfer data.
ZigBee: Is a wireless access technology which operates on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and developed to address the needs of low-cost, low-power wireless IoT networks.