Abstract
The increasing global population has led to a higher demand for food, requiring us to focus on maintaining its quality, safety, and sustainability. However, food security faces threats not only from natural disasters and climate change, but also from factors like changing dietary preferences, political instability, and food fraud. This chapter provides an overview of currently available concepts related to information and communication technologies (ICTs) that can facilitate cooperative efforts, counter fraud, and enable remote monitoring. In recent years, there has been significant interest in leveraging the combined potential of the internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML) to tap into the expertise of human professionals and enhance their work with efficient and intelligent machines. The implementation of ICTs in food systems has been comparatively restricted. This chapter aims to address this gap by demonstrating the potential of their tools in identifying and analyzing the food system.
TopIntroduction
During the 1860s in England, there was a significant surge in industrialization referred to as a “revolutionary wave.” This period marked the triumph of science over ignorance as industrial capital rapidly advanced and absorbed every innovative concept and scientific breakthrough in its path. As a result, humanity experienced multiple industrial revolutions spanning over 200 years. The first phase, known as Industry 1.0, brought society into the “steam age” by utilizing water vapor to power manufacturing machinery. This led to the emergence of markets, granting access to resources and initiating the primitive accumulation of the economy, causing social unrest. Subsequently, Industry 2.0 ushered in the “electric age” by harnessing electricity as a means of power. This era introduced a division of labor across society and introduced the assembly line model for mass production. Industry 3.0 further advanced with IT-level mass customization, while Industry 4.0 merged IT and operational technology (OT) in a cyber-physical system, enabling intelligent mass customization and personalization. Ultimately, Industry 5.0 represents the integration of human subjectivity, intellect, machine efficiency, artificial intelligence, and precision in industrial production. It emphasizes the significance of humanistic care and strives for a harmonious ecosystem where human and machine capabilities synergize for optimal outcomes (Nara et al., 2021; Kamble et al., 2018).
The industrial revolution brought about significant changes in all aspects of society. However, the manufacturing system has struggled to adapt to the evolving needs of a society that values sustainability, human concerns, and reduced carbon emissions. Industry 5.0 offers an innovative perspective to bridge the gap between societal needs and manufacturing. Unlike previous industrial revolutions that primarily focused on economic sustainability, Industry 5.0 places greater emphasis on people and their demands. The concept of Industry 5.0 gained more attention after the publication of the EU white paper, marking the beginning of this new era. Although there are currently limited and disorganized studies on Industry 5.0, it is still in its early stages of exploration (Leng et al., 2022). Industry 5.0 aims to empower workers with advanced tools and technology, allowing them to enhance their abilities. This enables individuals to focus on their unique human qualities, fostering innovation and economic growth. The objective is to cultivate a work environment that prioritizes employee well-being, job fulfillment, and work-life balance, ultimately leading to a prosperous and inclusive society. In summary, Industry 5.0 envisions a future where people and technology collaborate to augment each other's capabilities, ultimately creating a more efficient, imaginative, and sustainable industrial sector (Mitchell et al., 2021).
Moreover, there are various industrial and social ideas related to industry 5.0 that are not systematically introduced. This chapter serves as a catalyst for revealing the advancing attributes of industry 5.0, particularly regarding food security. It presents a concise overview of its outcomes, framework, enabling technologies, and hurdles.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Artificial Intelligence: AI involves replicating or imitating human intelligence in machines through programming them to think and learn like humans. It encompasses designing intelligent systems capable of tasks like recognizing speech, making decisions, solving problems, and translating languages. The goal of AI is to develop machines that can understand their surroundings, interpret data, and make informed decisions or take actions accordingly. The ultimate aim is to enhance efficiency, precision, and productivity in diverse fields by replicating or enhancing human cognitive abilities.
Industry 5.0: Industry 5.0 is a term used to describe the upcoming stage of industrial advancement subsequent to industry 4.0. It involves the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence, robotics, internet of things (IoT), and automation, emphasizing the collaboration between humans and machines in the manufacturing realm. The primary goal is to establish a production environment that is both centered around humans and sustainable. This entails merging human strengths such as creativity, problem-solving skills, and intuition with the rapidity, precision, and scalability offered by advanced technologies.
Food Supply Chains: Food supply chains can be defined as the intricate system of interconnected activities, procedures, and assets that are responsible for facilitating the movement of food items from their origin to the end consumer. This encompassing process includes multiple stages like cultivation, processing, packaging, transportation, storage, and distribution. The main objective of food supply chains is to guarantee a continuous and effective stream of food from producers to consumers, while upholding standards of quality, safety, and sustainability at every step of the journey.
Machine Learning: ML, a branch of artificial intelligence, centers on empowering computers to learn and make decisions autonomously without direct programming. It entails creating algorithms that enable machines to analyze and understand data, recognize patterns and correlations, and enhance their capabilities through accumulated experience.
Internet of Things: IoT pertains to a system where physical objects such as devices, vehicles, and appliances are equipped with sensors, software, and internet connectivity. This allows them to gather and share data over the internet. By bridging the gap between the physical and digital realms, the IoT enables more advanced surveillance, management, and automation of a wide range of activities and operations.
Information and Communication Technologies: ICT is a broad term referring to a variety of technologies that facilitate the handling of data and information. It encompasses a diverse range of hardware, software, networks, and digital services that enable the creation, storage, transmission, manipulation, sharing, and exchange of data and communication.