Principles of Environmental Policy and Legislation

Introduction

The “Global Environmental Governance System” consists of documents, organizations and institutions, decisions and policies, financing mechanisms, rules, rituals, norms, and implementation of the provisions of the documents through which the protection of the global environment and sustainable development is to be achieved (Koh, 2008). But has the system been able to achieve these goals sufficiently? If not, what is the main reason or reason? And what can be done to address these shortcomings? Policymaking, organizing, establishing institutions, financing, setting rules and rituals, and ultimately implementing principled policies through relevant rules require cooperation and coordination among international actors, including governments, civil society, and the private sector (Boyle, 2002). Therefore, it is necessary to examine the role of coordination and cooperation among international actors in the global environmental governance system to achieve environmental protection and sustainable development goals(Alexandroff & Cooper, 2010). In a division, we can say Global environmental governance consists of three pillars: first, a process that ultimately aims to regulate the outcome of various meetings and decisions in the form of documents inappropriate language that the political representatives approve of governments, approved by the parliaments of the countries, and finally In the legal system of the signatory states, it takes the form of essential documents; A total of formal and informal institutions, both private and public; And third, the implementation and fulfillment of the environmental commitments of States and members of the international community, which, according to the international instruments referred to in the preceding component (Meganck & Saunier, 2012), are necessary—existing to be implemented using current structures (Najam, 2003). The effect of human actions on the ecosystem; Deep is usually borderline and sometimes irreversible. In the most optimistic case, assuming that governments have the necessary political will to protect the environment, we can still not expect the phenomenon of border crossings to be controlled by occasional and uncoordinated governments' responses without the cooperation of all international actors. In practice, the measures taken by the countries of the world to protect the environment, due to their inconsistency and lack of cooperation with each other, did not have acceptable results and could not adequately respond to environmental degradation, including climate change, air pollution, soil and oceans, hazards: nuclear or genetic manipulation, rampant reduction of natural resources, and destruction of biodiversity and landscapes(Risse, 2004). Much of the provisions of the hundreds of multilateral environmental agreements that have taken so much energy, time, and financial resources to build have never been implemented due to inconsistencies and lack of cooperation from international actors, and this has led many of these documents never to achieve their goals because they were created not to achieve (Najam, 2003). All this shows how necessary it is to create an efficient global environmental governance system in which all actors in the international community, especially governments, are organized in a coherent system. Only in the shadow of such a system will the international community's actors, especially the governments, react in a timely and efficient manner to the factors and forces that harm the environment while preventing the destruction of the environment and avoiding environmental destruction anti-environmental actions. This article first examines the concept of environmental governance system and its features and then the shortcomings and challenges of global environmental governance and then seeks to evaluate the impact of cooperation and coordination on the global environmental governance system by examining various sources and examine the hypothesis that whatever The higher the level and level of coordination and cooperation between international actors, especially governments, as the foremost and most influential actors, the better the protection of the environment and sustainable development will be achieved. Finally, the present article seeks to show what characteristics the global environmental governance system should have to achieve the result, namely protecting the global environment and sustainable development(Miller, 2007).