Smart Agriculture Irrigation Monitoring System Using Internet of Things

Introduction

In order to increase output while having the least negative impact on the environment and to better prepare agricultural land for climate change adaptation, the United Nations has established the goal of implementing sustainable food production techniques in agriculture. Precision agriculture is a revolutionary agricultural method that has emerged in agriculture as a means of achieving the UN's goals. This is a method of modern agriculture that makes use of information and communication technologies to boost the efficiency of agritourism. Farmers are utilising sensors more frequently to track the health and productivity of their crops by keeping an eye on factors including plant health, irrigation, crop output, soil health, and the impact of fertiliser and pesticides. Farmers are encouraged to monitor their crops remotely thanks to information and communication technology like wireless sensor networks and internet of things in agriculture.

For real-time monitoring of the agricultural field, an architecture that integrates several systems such as sensor motes, gateways, and handheld devices is presented. The design and creation of a precise, effective, and dependable system with minimal expense and complexity for the farmers is the main objective. The importance of implementing customization in the hardware and firmware design and development is discussed. The sensor mote and gateway process long-range communications to start the data transmission from the agricultural field to the cloud server. Long-range communications and Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) are built into a hand-held IoT device, which gets sensor data from the agricultural field from the cloud server and through long-range communications. Machine learning algorithms are used to anticipate the best harvests using the sensor data collected by the handheld device(Boopathi, Siva Kumar, et al., 2023; Kumara et al., 2023).

The findings point to a promising future for precise, low-cost, and complicated systems that primarily help farmers keep an eye on their fields. Ager, sometimes known as Agri, is a Latin term that means “soil,” and “culture” is the act of cultivating soil. The term “agriculture” has evolved in the contemporary era to encompass a variety of activities such as arboriculture, horticulture, domestication, and vegeculture. The 80 percent of the world's population who live in poverty might benefit from increased income, reduced poverty, and improved food security thanks to agriculture. Given that it contributes 4% of the world's GNP in 2018, agriculture is also crucial to economic growth (GDP).

For the purpose of supplying the growing global population with food, conventional agricultural methods are changing. We have developed numerous forms of agriculture during the last few centuries, including 1, 2, and 3.0, as well as 4.0 in the present and coming decades. The first agricultural revolution took place between antiquity and 1920, a time period during which most farming was done manually and relied on methods like tillage and pollination. Agriculture uses 70 percent of the world's freshwater and occupies 23% (11 million KM 2) of the livable space. Thanks to green revolution technologies, agricultural output tripled between 1960 and 2015, and more water, land, and other natural resources were used(S. et al., 2022; Vanitha et al., 2023).