A Survey of Approaches to Database ReplicationF. D. Muñoz-Escoí (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain), H. Decker (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain), J. E. Armendáriz (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain) and J. R. González de Mendívil (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain)
Copyright © 2009. 7 pages.
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DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-242-8.ch081 Sample PDFCite
MLA
Muñoz-Escoí, F. D., H. Decker, J. E. Armendáriz and J. R. González de Mendívil. "A Survey of Approaches to Database Replication." Handbook of Research on Innovations in Database Technologies and Applications: Current and Future Trends. IGI Global, 2009. 762-768. Web. 21 May. 2013. doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-242-8.ch081
APA
Muñoz-Escoí, F. D., Decker, H., Armendáriz, J. E., & González de Mendívil, J. R. (2009). A Survey of Approaches to Database Replication. In V. Ferraggine, J. Doorn, & L. Rivero (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Innovations in Database Technologies and Applications: Current and Future Trends (pp. 762-768). Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference. doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-242-8.ch081
Chicago
Muñoz-Escoí, F. D., H. Decker, J. E. Armendáriz and J. R. González de Mendívil. "A Survey of Approaches to Database Replication." In Handbook of Research on Innovations in Database Technologies and Applications: Current and Future Trends, ed. Viviana E. Ferraggine, Jorge Horacio Doorn and Laura C. Rivero, 762-768 (2009), accessed May 21, 2013. doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-242-8.ch081
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  | | TopAbstractDatabases are replicated in order to get two complementary features: performance improvement and high availability. Performance can be improved when a database is replicated since each replica can serve read-only accesses without requiring any coordination with the rest of replicas. Thus, when most of the application accesses to the data are read-only, they can be served locally and without preventing accesses in the same or other replicas. Moreover, with a careful management, the failure of one or more replicas does not compromise the availability of the database. TopComplete Chapter List
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Reset | 1. |
Sikha Bagui (University of West Florida, USA)
An Entity Relationship (ER) model that includes all the concepts of the original ER model and the additional concepts of generalizations/specializations and categori...
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| 2. |
Norman Pendegraft (University of Idaho, USA)
Bounded cardinality occurs when the cardinality of a relationship is within a specified range. Bounded cardinality is closely linked to symmetric relationships. This...
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| 3. |
Navin Viswanath (Georgia State University, USA), Rajshekhar Sunderraman (Georgia State University, USA)
Typically, relational databases operate under the Closed World Assumption (CWA) of Reiter (Reiter, 1987). The CWA is a meta-rule that says that given a knowledge bas...
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| 4. |
Abdullah Uz Tansel (Baruch College – CUNY, USA)
In general, databases store current data. However,the capability to maintain temporal data is a crucial requirement for many organizations and provides the base for...
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| 5. |
Richard C. Millham (Catholic University of Ghana, Ghana)
Legacy systems, from a data-centric view, could be defined as old, business-critical, and standalone systems that have been built around legacy databases, such as IM...
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| 6. |
Elzbieta Malinowski (Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica)
In the database design, the advantages of using conceptual models for representing users’ requirements are well known. Nevertheless, even though data warehouses (DWs...
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| 7. |
Elzbieta Malinowski (Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica)
Data warehouses (DWs) are used for storing and analyzing high volumes of historical data. The structure of DWs is usually represented as a star schema consisting of...
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| 8. |
Elzbieta Malinowski (Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica)
Data warehouses (DWs) integrate data from different source systems in order to provide historical information that supports the decision-making process. The design o...
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| 9. |
Héctor Oscar Nigro (Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina), Sandra Elizabeth González Císaro (Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Today’s technology allows storing vast quantities of information from different sources in nature. This information has missing values, nulls, internal variation, ta...
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| 10. |
Luiz Camolesi Júnior (State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Brazil), Marina Teresa Pires Vieira (Methodist University of Piracicaba – UNIMEP, Brazil)
Researchers in several areas (sociology, philosophy and psychology), among them Herbert Spencer and Abraham Maslow, attribute human actions resulting in continual en...
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| 11. |
Hassina Bounif (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland)
Schema evolution is an important research topic with an extensive literature built up over the years. However, databases are still reluctant to change and thus their...
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| 12. |
Vincenzo Deufemia (Università di Salerno, Italy), Giuseppe Polese (Università di Salerno, Italy), Mario Vacca (Università di Salerno, Italy)
Waterfall methodologies can poorly cope with changes, making maintenance considerably an expensive process. For this reason, incremental and iterative methodologies...
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| 13. |
Vincenzo Deufemia (Università di Salerno, Italy), Giuseppe Polese (Università di Salerno, Italy), Mario Vacca (Università di Salerno, Italy)
The problem of changes in software development is a complex one, and it is almost impossible to avoid it. Indeed, the continuous evolution of the real world causes f...
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| 14. |
Edgard Benítez-Guerrero (Laboratorio Nacional de Informática Avanzada, Mexico), Ericka-Janet Rechy-Ramírez (Laboratorio Nacional de Informática Avanzada, Mexico)
A Data Warehouse (DW) is a collection of historical data, built by gathering and integrating data from several sources, which supports decisionmaking processes (Inmo...
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| 15. |
Cécile Favre (University of Lyon (ERIC Lyon 2), France), Fadila Bentayeb (University of Lyon (ERIC Lyon 2), France), Omar Boussaid (University of Lyon (ERIC Lyon 2), France)
A data warehouse allows the integration of heterogeneous data sources for analysis purposes. One of the key points for the success of the data warehousing process is...
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| 16. |
M. Mercedes Martínez-González (Universidad de Valladolid, Spain)
Digital libraries are systems that contain organized collections of objects, serving in their most basic functions as a mirror of the traditional library that contai...
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| 17. |
Harith T. Al-Jumaily (Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain), Dolores Cuadra (Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain), Paloma Martínez (Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain)
In the context of database, we believe that MDD (Model-Driven Development) (OMG, 2006) is a very ambitious task because we find that when applying database developme...
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| 18. |
Pierre F. Tiako (Langston University, USA)
The development of software applications generally requires the following: hardware resources (computers, networks, peripherals, etc.), software resources (data, too...
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| 19. |
Jaroslav Zendulka (Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic)
Modeling techniques play an important role in the development of database applications. Well-known entity-relationship modeling and its extensions have become a wide...
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| 20. |
Alexandr Savinov (University of Bonn, Germany)
The concept-oriented model (CoM) is a new approach to data modeling (Savinov, 2004) that is being developed along with concept-oriented programming (CoP) (Savinov, 2...
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| 21. |
Jean-Luc Hainaut (University of Namur, Belgium), Jean Henrard (REVER s.a., Belgium), Didier Roland (REVER s.a., Belgium), Jean-Marc Hick (REVER s.a., Belgium), Vincent Englebert (University of Namur, Belgium)
Database reverse engineering consists of recovering the abstract descriptions of files and databases of legacy information systems. A legacy information system can b...
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| 22. |
Vincenzo Deufemia (Università di Salerno, Italy), Giuseppe Polese (Università di Salerno, Italy), Mario Vacca (Università di Salerno, Italy)
Functional dependencies represent a fundamental concept in the design of a database since they are capable of capturing some semantics of the data strongly connected...
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| 23. |
Ladjel Bellatreche (LISI/ENSMA - University of Poitiers, France)
Horizontal data partitioning is the process of splitting access objects into set of disjoint rows. It was first introduced in the end of 70’s and beginning of the 80...
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| 24. |
Francisco A.C. Pinheiro (Universidade de Brasília, Brasil)
A workflow is a series of work processes performed under rules that reflect the formal structure of the organization in which they are carried out and the relationsh...
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| 25. |
Francisco A.C. Pinheiro (Universidade de Brasília, Brasil)
Technology pervades every aspect of modern life. It has an impact on the democratic life of a nation (Chen, Gibson, & Geiselhart, 2006) and is frequently an object o...
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| 26. |
Cheryl L. Dunn (Grand Valley State University, USA), Gregory J. Gerard (Florida State University, USA), Severin V. Grabski (Michigan State University, USA)
Semantically modeled databases require their component objects to correspond closely to real world phenomena and preclude the use of artifacts as system primitives (...
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| 27. |
James E. Wyse (Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada)
The technologies that enable the transactions and interactions of mobile business are now as ubiquitous as any business-applicable technology that has emerged in rec...
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| 28. |
Hagen Höpfner (International University in Germany, Germany)
Redundant data management is a must in client server information systems with mobile clients. Based on the level of autonomy of mobile devices/ users techniques for...
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| 29. |
Michael Vassilakopoulos (University of Central Greece, Greece), Antonio Corral (University of Almeria, Spain)
Time and space are ubiquitous aspects of reality. Temporal and Spatial information appear together in many everyday activities, and many information systems of moder...
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| 30. |
Antonio Corral (University of Almeria, Spain), Michael Vassilakopoulos (University of Central Greece, Greece)
Spatial data management has been an active area of intensive research for more than two decades. In order to support spatial objects in a database system several imp...
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| 31. |
Khaoula Mahmoudi (High School of Communications-Tunis (SUPCOM), Tunisia), Sami Faïz (National Institute in Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), Tunisia)
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) (Faïz, 1999) are being increasingly used to manage, retrieve, and store large quantities of data which are tedious to handle man...
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| 32. |
Maria Kontaki (Aristotle University, Greece), Apostolos N. Papadopoulos (Aristotle University, Greece), Yannis Manolopoulos (Aristotle University, Greece)
In many application domains, data are represented as a series of values in different time instances (time series). Examples include stocks, seismic signals, audio, a...
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| 33. |
Maurie Caitlin Kelly (Pennsylvania State University, USA), Bernd J. Haupt (Pennsylvania State University, USA), Ryan E. Baxter (Pennsylvania State University, USA)
Internet map services (IMSs) are redefining the ways in which people interact with geospatial information system (GIS) data. The driving forces behind this trend are...
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| 34. |
Michael Vassilakopoulos (University of Central Greece, Greece)
A Spatial Database is a database that offers spatial data types, a query language with spatial predicates, spatial indexing techniques, and efficient processing of s...
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| 35. |
Xuegang Huang (Aalborg University, Denmark)
Location-based services (LBSs) utilize consumer electronics, mobile communications, positioning technology, and traditional map information to provide mobile users w...
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| 36. |
Laura Díaz (Universitat Jaume I, Spain), Carlos Granell (Universitat Jaume I, Spain), Michael Gould (Universitat Jaume I, Spain)
Spatial data are increasingly becoming available on the Internet in applications such as routing portals that involve map-based and satellite imagery backgrounds, al...
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| 37. |
Ali Amer Alwan (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia), Hamidah Ibrahim (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia), Nur Izura Udzir (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)
A database state is said to be consistent if and only if it satisfies the set of integrity constraints. A database state may change into a new state when it is updat...
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| 38. |
Hendrik Decker (Instituto Technológico de Informática & Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Spain), Davide Martinenghi (Politecnico di Milano, Italy)
Integrity checking has been a perennial topic in almost all database conferences, journals, and research labs. The importance of the issue is testified by very large...
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| 39. |
Luciano Caroprese (University of Calabria, Italy), Ester Zumpano (University of Calabria, Italy)
Data integration aims to provide a uniform integrated access to multiple heterogeneous information sources designed independently and having strictly related content...
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| 40. |
Hamidah Ibrahim (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)
A vital problem that should be tackled in today’s database system is guaranteeing database consistency. Many techniques and tools have been devised to fulfill this r...
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| 41. |
Juliusz L. Kulikowski (Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering PAS, Poland)
For many years the fact that for a high information processing systems’ effectiveness high quality of data is not less important than high systems’ technological per...
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| 42. |
G. Shankaranarayanan (Boston University School of Management, USA), Adir Even (Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel)
Maintaining data at a high quality is critical to organizational success. Firms, aware of the consequences of poor data quality, have adopted methodologies and polic...
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| 43. |
José Francisco Zelasco (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina), Gaspar Porta (Washburn University, USA), José Luís Fernandez Ausinaga (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Both this article, referred to as Article I, and another one, Article II, entitled “Geometric Quality in Geographic Information IFSAR DEM Control”, published in this...
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| 44. |
José Francisco Zelasco (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina), Judith Donayo (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina), Kevin Ennis (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina), José Luís Fernandez Ausinaga (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Both this, article II and another one, article I, titled “Geometric Quality In Geographic Information” published in this encyclopedia propose the theoretical aspects...
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| 45. |
Luciano Caroprese (University of Calabria, Italy), Sergio Greco (University of Calabria, Italy), Ester Zumpano (University of Calabria, Italy)
Recently, there have been several proposals that consider the integration of information and the computation of queries in an open-ended network of distributed peers...
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| 46. |
Gian Piero (University of Paris IV / Sorbonne, France)
The current state of Web technology – the “first generation” or “syntactic” Web – gives rise to well-known, serious problems when trying to accomplish, in a non-triv...
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| 47. |
Polyxeni Katsiouli (University of Athens, Greece), Petros Papapanagiotou (University of Athens, Greece), Vassileios Tsetsos (University of Athens, Greece), Christos Anagnostopoulos (University of Athens, Greece), Stathes Hadjiefthymiades (University of Athens, Greece)
The Semantic Web (SW; Berners-Lee, Hendler, & Lassila, 2001) is already in its implementation phase and an indication of this is the intense research and development...
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| 48. |
László Kovács (University of Miskolc, Hungary), Péter Barabás (University of Miskolc, Hungary), Tibor Répási (University of Miskolc, Hungary)
A key characteristic of database systems is the layered structure and the accomplished independencies as is defined in the ANSI SPARC database reference model. This...
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| 49. |
José A. Alonso-Jiménez (Artificial Universidad de Sevilla, Spain), Joaquín Borrego-Díaz (Artificial Universidad de Sevilla, Spain), Antonia M. Chávez-González (Artificial Universidad de Sevilla, Spain)
Nowadays, data management on the World Wide Web needs to consider very large knowledge databases (KDB). The larger is a KDB, the smaller the possibility of being con...
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| 50. |
Ismael Navas-Delgado (University of Málaga, Spain), Jose F. Aldana-Montes (University of Málaga, Spain)
The growth of the Internet has simplified data access, which has involved an increment in the creation of new data sources. Despite this increment, in most cases, th...
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| 51. |
Agustina Buccella (Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina), Alejandra Cechich (Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina)
New software requirements have emerged because of innovation in technology, specially involving network aspects. The possibility enterprises, institutions and even c...
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| 52. |
Agustina Buccella (Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina), Alejandra Cechich (Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina)
Currently there are many domain areas in Computer Science interested in the integration of various information sources. Federated Databases, Semantic Web, and Automa...
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| 53. |
Leonid Stoimenov (University of Nis, Serbia)
Research in information systems interoperability is motivated by the ever-increasing heterogeneity of the computer world. New generations of applications, such as ge...
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| 54. |
Héctor Oscar Nigro (Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina), Sandra Elizabeth González Císaro (Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Nowadays one of the most important and challenging problems in Knowledge Discovery Process in Databases (KDD) or Data Mining is the definition of the prior knowledge...
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| 55. |
Edgard Benítez-Guerrero (Laboratorio Nacional de Informática Avanzada, Mexico), Omar Nieva-García (Universidad del Istmo, Mexico)
The vast amounts of digital information stored in databases and other repositories represent a challenge for finding useful knowledge. Traditionalmethods for turning...
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| 56. |
Alexandre Evfimievski (IBM Almaden Research Center, USA), Tyrone Grandison (IBM Almaden Research Center, USA)
Privacy-preserving data mining (PPDM) refers to the area of data mining that seeks to safeguard sensitive information from unsolicited or unsanctioned disclosure. Mo...
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| 57. |
Anamika Gupta (University of Delhi, India), Shikha Gupta (University of Delhi, India), Naveen Kumar (University of Delhi, India)
Association refers to correlations that exist among data. Association Rule Mining (ARM) is an important data-mining task. It refers to discovery of rules between dif...
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| 58. |
Jiaxiong Pi (University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA), Yong Shi (University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China), Zhengxin Chen (University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA)
Data mining is aimed at the extraction of interesting (i.e., nontrivial, implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful) patterns or knowledge from huge amount...
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| 59. |
Ji Zhang (CSIRO Tasmanian ICT Centre, Australia), Qigang Gao (Dalhousie University, Canada), Hai Wang (Saint Mary’s University, Canada)
Knowledge discovery in databases, commonly referred to as data mining, has attracted enormous research efforts from different domains such as databases, statistics,...
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| 60. |
Yanchang Zhao (University of Technology - Sydney, Australia), Longbing Cao (University of Technology - Sydney, Australia), Huaifeng Zhang (University of Technology - Sydney, Australia), Chengqi Zhang (University of Technology - Sydney, Australia)
Clustering is one of the most important techniques in data mining. This chapter presents a survey of popular approaches for data clustering, including well-known clu...
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| 61. |
Emmanuel Udoh (Sullivan University, USA), Salim Bhuiyan (Indiana University–Purdue University, USA)
In the field of bioinformatics, small to large data sets of genes, proteins, and genomes are analyzed for biological significance. A technology that has been in the...
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| 62. |
Denis Shestakov (Turku Centre of Computer Science, Finland)
Finding information on the Web using a web search engine is one of the primary activities of today’s web users. For a majority of users results returned by conventio...
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| 63. |
Doina Caragea (Kansas State University, USA), Vasant Honavar (Iowa State University, USA)
Recent development of high throughput data acquisition technologies in a number of domains (e.g., biological sciences, atmospheric sciences, space sciences, commerce...
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| 64. |
R. Manjunath (Bangalore University, India)
Expert systems have been applied to many areas of research to handle problems effectively. Designing and implementing an expert system is a difficult job, and it usu...
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| 65. |
Xenia Naidenova (Military Medical Academy, Russia)
One of the most important tasks in database technology is to combine the following activities: data mining or inferring knowledge from data and query processing or r...
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| 66. |
George Tzanis (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece), Christos Berberidis (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece), Ioannis Vlahavas (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece)
Machine learning is one of the oldest subfields of artificial intelligence and is concerned with the design and development of computational systems that can adapt t...
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| 67. |
Shigeaki Sakurai (Corporate Research & Development Center at Toshiba Corporation, Japan)
Owing to the progress of computer and network environments, it is easy to collect data with time information such as daily business reports, weblog data, and physiol...
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| 68. |
Pei Liu (Université du Sud Toulon Var, France), Eric Boutin (Université du Sud Toulon Var, France)
The field of scientometrics has been looking at the identification of co-authorship through network mapping. Research on this topic focuses on the cooperation of two...
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| 69. |
Yangjun Chen (University of Winnipeg, Canada)
An important question in information retrieval is how to create a database index which can be searched efficiently for the data one seeks. Today, one or more of the...
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| 70. |
Yangjun Chen (University of Winnipeg, Canada)
With the growing importance of XML in data exchange, much research has been done in providing flexible query mechanisms to extract data from XML documents. A core op...
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| 71. |
Andrea Tagarelli (University of Calabria, Italy)
The ability of providing a “standardized, extensible means of coupling semantic information within documents describing semistructured data” (Chaudhri, Rashid, & Zic...
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| 72. |
Hadj Mahboubi (University of Lyon (ERIC Lyon 2), France), Jérôme Darmont (University of Lyon (ERIC Lyon 2), France)
Since XML (eXtensible Markup Language) (Bray, Paoli, Sperberg-McQueen, Maler & Yergeau, 2004) emerged as a standard for information representation and exchange, stor...
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| 73. |
Len Asprey (Practical Information Management Solutions Pty Ltd, Australia), Rolf Green (OneView Pty Ltd, Australia), Michael Middleton (Queensland University of Technology, Australia)
This chapter discusses the benefits of managing business documents and Web content within the context of an integrative information systems architecture. This archit...
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| 74. |
Kamel Aouiche (Université de Québec à Montréal, Canada), Jérôme Darmont (University of Lyon (ERIC Lyon 2), France)
Database management systems (DBMSs) require an administrator whose principal tasks are data management, both at the logical and physical levels, as well as performan...
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| 75. |
Alfredo Cuzzocrea (University of Calabria, Italy)
Data-stream query processing and mining is an emerging challenge for the database research community. This issue has recently gained the attention from the academic...
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| 76. |
Julien Gossa (LIRIS–INSA Lyon, France), Sandro Bimonte (LIRIS–INSA Lyon, France)
The Grid is an emerging solution for sharing resources through a network. It is meant to manage heterogeneous resources in world-scale multi-institutional networks....
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| 77. |
Ana Valeria Villegas (Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina), Carina Mabel Ruano (Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina), Norma Edith Herrera (Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina)
Searching for database elements that are close or similar to a given query element is a problem that has a vast number of applications in many branches of computer s...
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| 78. |
Udai Shanker (M. M. M. Eng. College, India), Manoj Misra (IIT Roorkee, India), Anil K. Sarje (IIT Roorkee, India)
Many applications such as military tracking, medical monitoring, stock arbitrage system, network management, aircraft control, factory automation, and so forth that...
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| 79. |
Udai Shanker (M. M. M. Eng. College, India), Manoj Misra (IIT Roorkee, India), Anil K. Sarje (IIT Roorkee, India)
Important data base system resources are the data items that can be viewed as logical resource, and CPU, disks and the main memory which are physical resources [Garc...
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| 80. |
Camilo Porto Nunes (Federal University of Campina Grande, Brasil), Cláudio de Souza Baptista (Federal University of Campina Grande, Brasil), Marcus Costa Sampaio (Federal University of Campina Grande, Brasil)
Computing systems have become more complex and there is a plethora of systems in heterogeneous and autonomous platforms, from mainframes to mobile devices, which nee...
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| 81. |
F. D. Muñoz-Escoí (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain), H. Decker (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain), J. E. Armendáriz (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain), J. R. González de Mendívil (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain)
Databases are replicated in order to get two complementary features: performance improvement and high availability. Performance can be improved when a database is re...
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| 82. |
Yingyuan Xiao (Tianjin University of Technology, China)
Recently, the demand for real-time data services has been increasing (Aslinger & Son, 2005). Many applications such as online stock trading, agile manufacturing, tra...
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| 83. |
Cyrus Shahabi (University of Southern California, USA), Farnoush Banaei-Kashani (University of Southern California, USA)
Recently, a family of massive self-organizing data networks has emerged. These networks mainly serve as large-scale distributed query processing systems. We term the...
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| 84. |
Sergio Greco (University of Calabria, Italy), Cristian Molinaro (University of Calabria, Italy), Irina Trubitsyna (University of Calabria, Italy), Ester Zumpano (University of Calabria, Italy)
It is well known that NP search and optimization problems can be formulated as DATALOG¬ (datalog with unstratified negation; Abiteboul, Hull, & Vianu, 1994) queries...
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| 85. |
Alfredo Cuzzocrea (University of Calabria, Italy)
During the last years, there was a growing interest in peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, mainly because they fit a wide number of real-life ICT applications. Digital libra...
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| 86. |
Michael Zoumboulakis (University of London, UK), George Roussos (University of London, UK)
The concept of the so-called Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing was introduced in the early nineties as the third wave of computing to follow the eras of the mainfra...
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| 87. |
Christoph Bussler (Merced Systems Inc., USA)
Businesses world-wide started exchanging electronic business messages with each other around 1970. This coincides with the emergence of wide-area computer networks....
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| 88. |
Christoph Bussler (Merced Systems Inc., USA)
As long as businesses only have one enterprise application or back end application system there is no need to share data with any other system in the company. All da...
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| 89. |
Kirk St.Amant (East Carolina University, USA)
Globalization is increasingly integrating the world’s economies and societies. Now, products created in one nation are often marketed to a range of international con...
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| 90. |
Irena Mlynkova (Charles University, Czech Republic)
Without any doubt, the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) (Bray et al., 2006) is currently one of the most popular formats for data representation. Its wide popularity...
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| 91. |
Alfredo Cuzzocrea (University of Calabria, Italy)
Thanks to the explosion of the wireless technology, mobile environments are becoming the leading software platforms for extracting knowledge and interacting with ent...
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| 92. |
László Kovács (University of Miskolc, Hungary), Domonkos Tikk (Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary)
The textual data format is one of the most important data types in database management. Databases support a wide range of special textual types that can be used to s...
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| 93. |
Ahmad Hammoud (Lebanese American University, Lebanon), Ramzi A. Haraty (Lebanese American University, Lebanon)
Most Web developers underestimate the risk and the level of damage that might be caused when Web applications are vulnerable to SQL (structured query language) injec...
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TopKey Terms in this ChapterWriteset: The set of data items written by a given transaction. Secondary Replica: In the passive replication model, or primary copy technique, all non-primary replicas are also known as secondary replicas. Such replicas can not accept user transactions, and only behave as backup copies of the primary one. Readset: The set of data items read by a given transaction. Delegate Replica: In replication models that do not follow the primary copy technique, the delegate replica directly processes a transaction, generating the updates that later will be transmitted to the other replicas. Different transactions can use different delegate replicas. Reliable Broadcast: One that requires that all correct processes deliver the same set of messages, and such a set includes all messages broadcast by correct processes, and no spurious messages. Total Order Broadcast: One that requires that all correct processes deliver all messages in the same order; i.e., a reliable broadcast with total order. Primary Replica: In the passive replication model, or primary copy technique, the single replica that is able to directly manage all database transactions. |
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