Abstract
This chapter relates business logistics, Industry 4.0 and multicriteria decision making. It is analyzed how the Logistic Model Based on Positions, it is adapted to the approach of Industry 4.0. Business logistics is related practically with every area of an organization, which making it appropriate to study organizations. But at the same time these multiple relationships make its study complex.To minimize the complexity of business logistics learning, four models were created to facilitate their teaching. One of them, MoLoBaC, which studies logistics based on the functions performed by those who have positions associated with it, has repercussions in all areas of the organization. This impact makes the MoLoBaC an ideal candidate to study the new business approaches. At the same time it generates interest to know as the MoLoBaC, can adapt to the approach of Industry 4.0. From everything previous the general objective of this work arises: Perform a qualitative-quantitative analysis of the adaptation of the Logistic Model Based on Positions to the new business approach, Industry 4.0.
TopIntroduction
To understand the concept of Industry 4.0, it must be taken into account that it is considered the fourth revolution of the industrial age. The first three industrial revolutions were: the introduction of water and steam as mechanical energy at the end of the XVIII century (Brettel et al., 2014); the industrial use of electricity, which allowed and facilitated mass production as early as the end of the XIX century (Rüßmann et al., 2015; Schmidt et al., 2015) and the introduction of automation of the manufacturing processes through the programmable logic controllers (PLC) almost at the end of century XX (Borisov et al., 2016; Brettel et al., 2014; Flores et al., 2015; Hernández, Hernández & García, 2017; Rüßmann et al., 2015; Schmidt et al., 2015). And the fourth revolution (Industry 4.0) arises when, through technology, the real world is integrated with the era of computer development (Zhou, Liu & Zhou, 2015).
The concept of Industry 4.0 is based and involves many fields of knowledge and industrial activity, one of them being the logistics (Posada et al., 2015; Seitz & Nyhuis, 2015; Valdez et al., 2015). And, in particular, it is often referred as smart logistics, either in the context of Industry 4.0 (Menicocci, 2015; Stock et al., 2015; Stock & Seliger, 2016) or in related contexts (Kodym & Unucka, 2016; Shafiq et al., 2015), and even usually uses the term Logistics 4.0 (Domingo, 2016). In any case it is considered the logistics as a differentiating element (Seitz & Nyhuis, 2015).
With regard to business logistics, as discussed in different works (Barreto et al., 2016; De Burgos et al., 2016; García et al., 2017; Hernández, Hernández & García, 2017; Schwarz et al., 2016; Tarazón et al., 2016), it is possible to see that it is related to practically all the areas of an organization, this is an advantage, since the same can study the organization as a whole. But at the same time is a disadvantage, because it makes its complex study.
To facilitate the teaching of logistics, in academia, four qualitative-quantitative models were created: Logistic model Supply, Production, Distribution and Inverse (LSPDI, in Spanish el modelo Logística de Abastecimiento, Producción, Distribución e Inversa [LAPDI]) which focuses on logistical flows to analyze business logistics; the Logistic Model Based on Positions (LoMoBaP, in Spanish Modelo Logístico Basado en Cargos [MoLoBaC]), which takes into account all the functions performed by those who hold positions related to business logistics; the Logistic Model Based on Indicators for Positions (LoMoBaIPo, in Spanish Modelo Logístico Basado en Indicadores de Cargos [MoLoBaICa]), which in a way overlaps the MoLoBaC and analyzes the logistics through management indicators and the Logistic, Strategic, Tactical, Operational with Inverse Logistics Model (STOILMo, in Spanish Modelo Logístico, Estratégico, Táctico, Operativo con logística Inversa [MoLETOI]), which is based on the three components of the administrative pyramid the: Strategic, Tactical and Operational and including reverse logistics, analyzes the business logistics. This work will focus on the second of these models the MoLoBaC.
The relevance that Industry 4.0 takes every day and the presence of these models to facilitate the understanding of logistics motivates this research. It is desired to study the application possibilities that one of these models, the MoLoBaC, could continue to have in the field of Industry 4.0 and it is important that this analysis is done both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Enterprise Logistics: Is centered in searching and achieving a greater satisfaction, present and future of the final costumer, and includes socio-environmental and ethical-legal aspects, organization planning, execution and control of all related activities related to the attainment, flow, gathering and maintenance of materials, products and services, since the raw material source, including there the costumers through inverse logistics, to the sale point of the finished product local or international, massive or enterprise, in a more effective and efficient, minimizing the times and costs and using modern information technologies.
Matrixes Of Weighing With Multiplicative Factors (MOWwMf [MDPcFm]): A Matrixes Of Weighing (MOW) is one of the multicriteria models simplest to build and easy to implement and are nothing else, as its name implies, then an array of rows and columns, through which and following a set of weights on the appropriate criteria, different alternatives can be weighted and hierarchized, where both these alternatives and the criteria can have a quantitative or qualitative origin. A MOW becomes a MOWwMf when multiplying factors are applied to the results obtained by the same.
Multiattribute Models With Multiplicative Factors (MMwMf [MMcFm]): It is another of the multicriteria models very simple to build and implement. With them the alternatives are evaluated through the attributes, which correspond to the different criteria. In the evaluation process, each alternative obtains a payment for each of the attributes. From there the evaluation of each criterion is carried out, making the weighted sum of the products of the values of the alternative by the weight of the respective attribute. When obtaining the evaluation of each one of the criteria, which can be corrected by the multiplicative factors of the criterion, the total valuation is made. The values of each of the criteria produce the general payment through a weighted sum, where the result of each criterion is multiplied by its respective weight. The final result is corrected through the general multiplicative factors.
Logistic Model Based on Positions (MoLoBaC): Studies enterprise logistic through the functions relative to the positions. It consists of forty-four positions which are grouped into twelve areas that meet in six stages.
Safety & Security (S&S): Security is referred to situations those threatens the organization, as well as the lives of its members and is associated with intentional facts (malicious facts), while Safety is also associated with detriment to organizations and that especially affects humans, but are accidents that are not caused intentionally. The Safety of the plant is one of the biggest concerns for industrial activities, because they can involve major economic losses and what is more important, human lives. And the security takes as a principal intention to protect the company and his assets of threats. Both Security and Safety are focused on protecting the assets of an organization, the most important being the human resource, which is why S&S must cover all areas of the organization.
Logistics Model: Are all those created, explicitly or accidentally, to justify and understand the business logistics. In particular, four qualitative-quantitative models created in the academy, to explain the logistics, should be highlighted: Logistic model Supply, Production, Distribution and Inverse (LSPDI [LAPDI]); Logistic Model Based on Positions (LoMoBaP [MoLoBaC]); Logistic, Strategic, Tactical, Operational with Inverse Logistics Model (STOILMo [MoLETOI]) & Logistic Model Based on Indicators for Positions (LoMoBaIPo [MoLoBaICa]).
Industry 4.0: It is a concept in formation, therefore in evolution. It identifies the fourth industrial revolution, which is characterized by the integration of the virtual world with the real world, through the Internet and the Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Among other objectives Industry 4.0 pursues productive systems characterized by intelligent, adaptable, flexible, efficient, green, scalable, coherent manufacturing with high quality at low costs, with efficient resource management and ergonomics, as well as integration of customers and business partners in business and value processes.