Unravelling the Veil: Exploring the Nexus of Insecure Attachment and Functional Somatic Disorders in Adults

Introduction

Chronic diseases, mental health issues, and neurological abnormalities are examples of invisible impairments that have a major influence on people's daily life while having no outward physical manifestations (Higgins et al., 2021). Functional Somatic Disorders: Medical conditions that cause physical symptoms that cannot be traced to an underlying biological or physiological dysfunction are collectively called “functional somatic disorders” (FSD). Extreme distress and a decline in normal activities are frequent outcomes of these conditions. Multiple biological, psychological, and social factors may interact to bring about FSD. Functional somatic disorders (FSD) are difficult to treat because their complicated etiology involves biological, psychological, and social variables, causing symptoms such as chronic tiredness and irritable bowel syndrome (Sattel et al., 2023). In particular, little is known about how insecure attachment may lead to FSD symptoms, which are commonly linked with sadness and anxiety (Ikkos et al., 2022). As there are now unanswered questions about the correlation between insecure attachment and the severity of FSD symptoms in adults, a dedicated study is warranted. Today, we know there is more to health than meets the eye. While visible illnesses garner a substantial share of attention, there exists a realm of conditions that elude casual observation but demand our utmost consideration: invisible disabilities (Dolan, 2023). This umbrella term describes a wide range of medical conditions, including but not limited to chronic fatigue, irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, functional neurology, and chronic pain disorders (Olkin et al., 2019). Unlike traditional ailments, these conditions often lack discernible organic causes, making diagnosis and treatment complex and challenging (Norstedt, 2019). The narrative around these conditions is shifting, acknowledging that they are intricate interplays of biological, psychological, and social factors (Dreyer et al., 2020). Within this intricate tapestry, the term 'functional somatic disorders' (FSD) has emerged, highlighting the multifaceted nature of these ailments (Burton et al., 2020). Individuals grappling with FSD endure significant disability and distress, shaping their daily lives and healthcare experiences (Petersen et al., 2021). Researchers are looking in several directions, including into the underlying developmental theories, to learn more about these conditions. Understanding the causes and symptoms of FSD has shifted focus to psychological processes, including attachment, mentalization, and emotional regulation (Schovsbo et al., 2023). Connections between insecure attachment and reduced mentalizing abilities and mood and anxiety disorders, as well as FSD, have been established. Within this ever-evolving framework, this chapter systematically explores a key question: Does insecure attachment predict increased adult FSD symptom severity? We undertook a comprehensive analysis, searching databases and carefully examining existing research to get to the bottom of this perplexing question. We considered a wide range of somatic disorders, including IBS, fibromyalgia, and chronic pain syndromes (Gilheaney & Chadwick, 2023). In the following pages, we will explore the murky world of FSD as we traverse the landscape of invisible impairments. Our first step is to conduct a thorough literature review, during which we will encounter methodological difficulties and a wide range of findings. Despite the abundance of data, it is unclear whether or not insecure attachment directly correlates with the intensity of FSD symptoms. This is more of a call to arms than a critical assessment of the present situation. Our research is meant to help people have a better understanding of invisible impairments by busting myths. As we go through this section, let us all work to shed light on these hidden problems, envisioning a world where people with invisible impairments are treated with more compassion and understanding. New information that may be utilized to improve the current situation has been revealed via studies of the correlation between insecure attachment and FSD (Maseroli et al., 2022). Medical practitioners, psychologists, and therapists can integrate the findings into clinical practice. Medical schools, psychology departments, and other academic programs that teach future healthcare professionals may all benefit from incorporating this study's results into their curricula. These programs help improve healthcare quality by preparing the next generation of medical professionals to deal with the emotional aspects of FSD. The results may be used by groups that aim to educate the public about invisible impairments as part of public awareness campaigns. Increased knowledge encourages empathy and compassion, eliminating stigma and misunderstandings regarding FSD. By recognizing the significance of insecure attachment and related psychological characteristics, professionals and stakeholders may develop targeted treatments, advocate for legislative reforms, and create a more supportive environment for those living with invisible disabilities.