Urban Anthropocene-Socio-Ecology Planning Resilience

Theoretical Background

The ancient Greeks developed critical thinking about urban socio-ecological resilience based on mutualistic relationships (Egerton, 2001). Currently it is recognized that the socio-ecological change of societies is caused by exogenous factors, such as globalization, colonialism, capitalism, etc. Some colonial societies are composed of heterogeneous elements with instability due to divergent interests (Radcliffe-Brown, 1940). Similarly, the phenomena of sociology, anthropology, and political science differ from individual behavior, according to Bunge (1999), who argues that predicting the behavior of an unknown individual is different from predicting the behavior of a system. However, the social sciences have translated small group prediction into complex social systems using sophisticated computational methods (Bunge, 1999; Kaplan, 1940).