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What is Standard Score

Chapter 6
Handbook of Research on Organizational Sustainability in Turbulent Economies
Variable that is used in statistics to compare data from different samples or populations and is defined as the number of standard deviations that a given value takes with respect to the mean of its sample or population.
Published in Chapter:
Organizational Sustainability: An Index From Macroeconomic Variables
Nicolás Rivera Garzón (Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia) and Miller Rivera Lozano (Universidad Santo Tomas, Colombia)
Copyright: © 2022 |Pages: 17
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9301-1.ch006
Abstract
The objective of the chapter is to develop an organizational sustainability index based on development indicators from 1980 to 2019. The sample is made up of the aggregation of low, low middle, upper middle, and high income countries constructed by the World Bank. High-income economies had the least sustainable organizations in 1980 with an index value of -13.8, while in 2019 its value was 25.7. On the other hand, the lower middle-income countries had an increase of 15.2, going from -9.2 in 1980 to 5.9 in 2019. Similarly, the upper middle-income economies went from -3.8 in 1980 to 6.6 in 2019, with a growth of 10.48. Low-income countries started with the highest levels of sustainability among the four categories with 1.6; in 2019 the value of the calculated index was 5.20, that is, a growth of only 3.5 units.
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