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It is obvious, that the social media revolutionized today's society especially in political scene. A huge and growing volume of literature has documented the extent to which new media facilitate political activities in both democratic societies and non- democratic or transitional societies (Zhang &Lin, 2014).The popularity and attractiveness of social media has encouraged many media and political communication scholars (e.g. Baumgartner et al. 2010; Bennett and Segerberg, 2012; Enjolras et al. 2013; Kirkpatrick, 2008; Nadler & Hong, 2012;Wenker, 2012; Raine; 2008; Valentine, 2011; Zhang &Lin, 2014) to explore the effects, uses, gratifications, attitudes, and engagement in social media. The role of social media in the Arab world has been much debated before and after the ‘Arab Spring’. In addition, the Arab Spring was a major milestone for social media adoption in the Middle East. The Arab spring, highlighted the role that social media may play as facilitator not only of individual political participation (IPP), but also of collective activism. Social media became the preferred means in which youth currently engage in politics around the world (Bennett and Segerberg, 2012). In his study, Al-Jenaibi (2012) showed that social media such as Facebook and Twitter have provided new opportunities for information sharing, personal expression and, social networking, especially in regions like the Middle East, where these activities traditionally have been limited in the public sphere. For Example, in Egypt, social media plays a fundamental role in the formation and expression of opinion towards the progress of events relevant to the Arab Spring (El-Jazzar, 2013).Papacharissi and Rubin (2000) mentioned that there are several reasons that motivate users to adopt social media platforms such as interpersonal utility, pass time, information-seeking, convenience, and entertainment. Similarly, Kirkpatrick, (2008), pointed out that social media, such as Facebook, turn out to be effective channels for political institutions:
He added “Facebook is giving individuals in societies across the world more power relatives to social institutions and that may well lead to very disruptive changes. In some societies it may destabilize institutions many of us would rather stay the same. But it also holds the promise of posing challenges to long-standing repressive state institutions and practices. Facebook makes it easier for people to organize themselves.” (Kirkpatrick, 2008:8)