Analysis of the Criteria Used to Evaluate Renewable Energy Sources in Turkey With Fuzzy SWARA

Introduction

The world population continues to increase day by day. Unplanned use of limited life resources and wastage will negatively affect the quality of life of future generations. The increasing energy demand of the increasing population needs new opportunities and new contributions in terms of energy policies of countries. Today, the global competition between countries continues to be fierce. Countries that use the existing resources of the country in the most effective and efficient way in global competition, that make their own production with these resources, that attach importance to R&D, and produce products with high added value by transforming scientific knowledge into innovative products will gain an advantage over their competitors. A foreign trade deficit occurs in a country that produces with imported resources rather than its own resources. Therefore, production should be done by increasing the use of domestic resources and foreign trade deficit should be prevented. One of the most important production factors required for production is energy.

With the first industrialization revolution, directing the current economic potential of the countries to the main areas of growth such as production, technology, research and development activities brought along many advantages and disadvantages. The innovation brought by technology in every field in the world, which has entered a rapid transformation process, has revealed an intense energy demand that will support the sustainability of these innovations. The demand for the consumption of energy and natural resources is increased as a result of population growth, urbanization, industrialization and globalization in which commercial gains are constantly increased. Therefore, it is necessary with a sustainable policy to present energy resources to consumers in a sufficient, high quality, low cost, safe manner and with the utmost sensitivity to the environment. Unfortunately, although the damage to the environment and human health caused by the use of fossil fuels has become evident over time, countries have preferred their policies primarily according to their economic growth targets. Countries have delayed the development of technology and its use as an attractive resource by avoiding the necessary investments that are costly in the development of clean and sustainable renewable energy sources. Although the importance of renewable energy sources is now supported by international agreements by policymakers in countries, environmental quality is not currently positively affected by these developments.

Countries can meet their energy needs with fossil fuels, nuclear energy and renewable energy sources. All three energy sources have advantages and disadvantages. Although fossil fuels have low production costs, it is not environmentally friendly due to toxic gas emissions. High energy can be obtained from nuclear energy sources. However, the high risk of accidents and the intense radioactivity emitted should be considered. The advantages of renewable energy sources can be expressed as follows. Today, the production cost of renewable energy sources has decreased compared to the past. Renewable energy sources prevent energy import and do not cause foreign trade deficit. Renewable energy sources are more environmentally friendly than other energy sources.

While the rapid steps to be taken due to climate change caused by global warming are trying to keep countries away from fossil fuels, the concerns of countries about the sustainability and security of their energy policies are increasing day by day with the emergence of problems such as the transmission costs of natural gas and the increasing energy prices due to these. Renewable energy sources, on the other hand, show a reassuring development for the future in creating more independent and sustainable policies and creating serious employment opportunities in energy, with their increasing efficiency thanks to the ever-decreasing energy production costs and continuous development technologies.

Turkey is a developing country in its region and has a growing economy. Turkey's ever-increasing young population and high-tech daily life demand more energy. The increasing refugee population, the problems caused by the pandemic process and the need for protection from the negative effects of the climate crisis have created imbalances in the planning of energy production and consumption. While Turkey is signing to continue production at the production site of the 2021 Paris climate, it also invests in the sustainable and clean energy it needs. While completing the largest projects in the country in renewable energy resources, it also plans to extract and operate the natural gas resources it finds in its own field in the Black Sea until 2023.