One of the key objectives of any modern organizations is to concentrate on risks and uncertain events. Risks within the project life cycle may be serious if they are not considered at the planning stage. As a result, risk assessment is crucial and has been thoroughly studied in recent years by numerous scholars. The weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) technique, which was used to evaluate the adverse consequences of risks on projects, was suggested by this research. The risks that a worker faced while working in the noisy environment of Bhubaneswar were identified and assessed in this study; the results indicated these risks were inaccessible or inappropriate throughout the life cycle. Additionally, this chapter recommends the WASPAS method as one of the MCDM techniques that would be most accurate for assessing risks in a practical setting.
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Noise is just an unwanted sound that causes physical and physiological disturbances in people; however, due to industrialization and urbanization many industry and manufacturing companies were produced. We know that manufacturing contributes significantly to the growth of the global economy by providing goods and services that have a significant impact on both the economies and societies of industrialized and developing countries. High amounts of noise are produced during the production of goods using different manufacturing methods, which has a negative impact on society and the environment.
This significant health risk at work makes people feel uncomfortable, stressed out, and exhausted. Workers in industries find it difficult to communicate when subjected to loud noises, which makes verbal communication less effective and increases the risk of accidents. A significant environmental issue that is associated with improved human health is noise pollution. This had serious health consequences for the workers. The study links noise consequences to several diseases, especially cardiovascular conditions.
Noise pollution is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as sounds that are higher than 65 decibels (dB). In more detail, sound starts to be dangerous around 75 decibels (dB) and irritating at 120 dB. Because it is impossible to get a good night's sleep with environmental noise levels that are over 30 dB at night, noise levels must be kept under 65 dB throughout the day. Additionally, as per the WHO, a total of 32 million teenagers worldwide or around 360 million individuals overall have hearing loss.
Noise affects every aspect of human activity and can be divided into two types. They are occupational noise (noise at workplaces) and environmental noise (noise in all other inhabited areas). Today noise is a common issue in occupational health, particularly in developing nations. Workplace noise has a significant detrimental effect on workers' performance and production, according to studies. Unfavorable environmental factors, such as noise, which can reduce manufacturing quality and volume, might affect a company's efficiency.
Additionally, noise has a negative impact on health and can cause both auditory problems like nerve fatigue and partial hearing as well as other problems like decreased productivity, annoyance, heart problems, high blood pressure, sleep disturbance, nervousness, feeling of fatigue, hearing loss and many others. Stress brought on by noise has a negative impact on human performance. Research has shown that background noise reduces performance in tasks requiring focused attention.
Over 30 million laborers in the United States of America were found to be exposed to excessive noise, according to a report. The military, transportation, and construction industries have the highest rates of noise-induced hearing loss, accounting for 4.5 million persons (12 percent of the total) in Germany (NIHL). As noise is a pollutant and it has developed into a serious problem that affects people's daily lives and mental health. Therefore, it is urgent to alert regulators and policymakers to the negative effects of industrial noise pollution, highlighting scientific and technical evidence, and to reevaluate their operational processes to ensure that the right procedures are followed, in accordance with initial approval and the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report, to understand the values of society.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the impact of noise over the workers or labor those are working in the noisy environment. For the analysis, the health risk of workers in the noisy environment so many Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tools were produced. Due to their inherent capability to evaluate various alternatives with respect to various criteria to potentially select the best alternative, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are becoming more and more important as potential tools for analyzing and solving complex real-time problems.
The primary goal of the MCDM approaches is to assess and rate the potential options. There are various instances where MCDM techniques provide contrasting outcomes (i.e., ranks of the same alternatives differ depending on the methods adopted). It is discovered that the value of a particular MCDM technique's control parameter has a significant impact on both its ranking performance and solution correctness when that approach is ultimately recommended for a certain application.