Computer
From 17th century to early 20th century, it is said that those ages are the age of mechanical calculating machines. Gearwheels are simply used for the calculation mechanisms.
In 1930, relay is firstly used for a calculation machine, which is the start of an electric calculation machine. Paper tape is used for programming codes. At this stage, codes like “If, then go to” are not able to be used yet. In 1941, the ABC machine is developed by using a vacuum tube. Binary (0 or 1) is used for a basic calculation method. In 1950, Binary Automatic Computer (BINAC) is developed by EMCC. From this age, a business machine is come up International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) to the world. IBM comes up to the world as a main frame computer company in the first place. After this age, the computers had been becoming small and small in their sizes. In the first the place, a room where a computer was situated at was very large. Since then, the computer rooms had been small and small as computer sizes also had become small and small as described the following:
a huge room → a room → desk size (work station) → desk top → laptop → handy type
→ palm size → wrist size → directly into brain
As computer companies, they are as follows: IBM, CRAY, DEC, Intel, Sun Microsystems, Microsoft, Apple, etc., goes on
As a computer processing speed, it has been going faster and faster:
Kilo Hz → Mega Hz → Giga Hz → Tera Hz → ….. .
As a CPU processing bit, as it follows:
4 bits → 8 bits → 16 bits → 32 bits → 64 bits → ….. .
As a basic functional part of computer, there are the following things: CPU basically consists of Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), instruction register (instruction decoder), and index register (data).
In addition to those, there are following things: out storage, peripheral I/O devices, network devices, etc.
Generally speaking, a computer (a digital computer: binary computer) processes a code one by one at CPU. Even though it will be possible to use multi processors as a unit of a system, it cannot be escaped by the fact that each processor of CPU has to manipulate each code one by one. So, a processor speed of CPU is one of the important functions for a digital computer.
Brain
Almost all living creatures in this world have a structural appearance of head, body, legs, and arms. But the figures of those are quite different from one another. They are moving around for living (eating, propagating, moving, and resting).
Most of the living creatures have ANPUA in their bodies. Most of them are placed and centered at brain in a head for processing various kinds of human related information. They behave like a CPU in a digital computer system from a point of functional view. This chapter presents general activities of brain as a point of functional behavior. Briefly speaking, the human brain consists of cerebellum and cerebrum. Cerebrum consists of frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, and five senses (and extra senses).
By using sets and mapping, the case of human brain can be expressed as follows:
- 1.
EB specifies the finite sets of entity of brain.
- 2.
EP specifies the finite sets of entity of part of brain.
- 3.
IC specifies the finite sets of information of neuron signals from the cerebellum.
- 4.
FL specifies the finite sets of the frontal lobe.
- 5.
PL specifies the finite sets of the parietal lobe.
- 6.
OL specifies the finite sets of the occipital lobe.
- 7.
TL specifies the finite sets of the temporal lobe.
- 8.
FS specifies the finite sets of five senses.
- 9.
SB specifies the finite sets of system of brain.