Abstract
In the current global situation, half of the world is experiencing ethnic and religious conflicts that impact millions of lives, particularly among women. The stress of war can lead to various health issues, such as cyclical mastalgia and psychosis. During times of conflict, access to medical treatment may be limited. However, the ancient practice of yoga is effective in treating various illnesses. This chapter will explore various current therapies and yoga therapy for cyclical mastalgia (CM). Previous research has suggested using primrose oil, vitamins, and physical activity as treatments for CM. However, there have been few studies on the use of yoga for cyclical mastalgia. This investigation also examined the impact of current therapies on psychological outcomes. The results showed that while biochemical clinical trials can be effective, they may have side effects, and primrose oil and seed treatment were ineffective. Integrated yoga therapy has been shown to provide high-quality treatment for individuals suffering from cyclical mastalgia.
TopIntroduction
The stress of war can have a particularly significant impact on women’s physical and mental health. Whether serving in the military or living in a war-torn country, the constant threat of danger, loss, and trauma can significantly affect a woman’s well-being. One of the most common health issues associated with war in women is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Peterson and Pbert, 1992). This mental health condition can develop in response to a traumatic event like combat or a natural disaster. Symptoms of PTSD can include flashbacks, nightmares, anxiety, and depression. Women may also be more likely to experience depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues due to the stress of war. In addition to the psychological effects of war, women may also be at increased risk for physical injuries and disabilities, as well as an increased risk of developing physical health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, and substance abuse. The psychological stress of war can also negatively affect a woman’s immune system, making her more susceptible to illness and infection. Women may also face unique challenges related to reproductive health during times of war. Access to healthcare and reproductive services may be limited, and women may face increased risks of sexual violence and abuse. These factors can have significant impacts on a woman’s physical and mental health, as well as her overall well-being. It is important for women affected by war to seek support from trained professionals to address their physical and mental health needs.
The Stress of War Lead to Mastalgia
Mastalgia, also known as breast pain, is a common condition that affects many women at some point in their lives. While there are various causes of mastalgia, research has shown that the stress of war can be a contributing factor (Sinha and PriyaDarshani, 2021). The psychological stress of war can significantly impact a woman’s hormonal balance, leading to breast changes that result in pain. The constant threat of danger, loss, and trauma can also contribute to increased stress hormones, such as cortisol, which can cause physical symptoms such as breast pain. In addition to the direct effects of stress on the breasts, the physical demands of military service or living in a war-torn country can also contribute to breast pain. The physical demands of combat or other strenuous activities can strain the breasts and cause discomfort (Alvandipour et al., 2011). It is important for women experiencing breast pain to consult a healthcare provider, as it can be a symptom of a more serious underlying condition, such as breast cancer. However, suppose the cause of the breast pain is determined to be related to the stress of war. In that case, treatment may involve addressing the underlying psychological stress and seeking support from trained professionals, such as therapists or counselors. By addressing the stress of war and its impact on physical and mental health, women can take steps towards healing and recovery and work towards a healthier and more fulfilling future. There are two main types of mastalgia:
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Cyclical mastalgia is breast pain that is associated with the menstrual cycle. It usually occurs a few days before or during menstruation and goes away after the period ends. Cyclical mastalgia is often related to changes in hormone levels during the menstrual cycle (Genç et al., 2016).
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Non-Cyclical mastalgia is breast pain that is not associated with the menstrual cycle. It may be constant or intermittent and can occur in one or both breasts. Various factors, including fibrocystic breast changes, injury or trauma to the breast, breast surgery, and certain medications, can cause non-cyclical Mastalgia (Pleasant, 2022).
Key Terms in this Chapter
Progesterone: Is a hormone produced by the ovaries and the adrenal glands. It plays a role in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and other body processes. It is sometimes used as a medication to treat certain conditions.
Mastalgia: It is the medical term for breast pain. It can be a common symptom and can occur in both men and women. Various factors, including hormonal changes, certain medications, and underlying health conditions, can cause mastalgia. It may be relieved through lifestyle changes and medication.
War: It is a state of armed conflict between countries, states, or groups within a country. It involves using military force and can result in significant loss of life and damage to property. Wars are often fought for political, economic, or social reasons.
Mental Disorder: Is a condition that affects a person’s thinking, mood, or behavior and can cause distress or impaired functioning. Mental disorders are common and can range in severity. They can be treated with a combination of therapy, medication, and self-care strategies.
Yoga: Is a physical, mental, and spiritual discipline that originated in ancient India. It involves a series of postures, breathing techniques, and meditation practices designed to improve flexibility, strength, and relaxation.
Premenstrual Syndrome: A group of physical and emotional symptoms that occur before a woman’s menstrual period. Hormonal changes, including mood changes, physical symptoms, and more, cause it.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): It is a treatment that replaces hormones that the body is no longer able to produce on its own. It is often used to treat symptoms of menopause and other conditions related to hormone imbalances. HRT may be taken as pills, patches, gels, or injections.