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What is Computational Thinking

Handbook of Research on Transforming Teachers’ Online Pedagogical Reasoning for Engaging K-12 Students in Virtual Learning
The critical problem-solving practices and concepts that draw on computer science, including problem-solving, abstraction, decomposition, algorithms, abstraction.
Published in Chapter:
Computational Thinking and Making in Virtual Elementary Classrooms
Robin Jocius (University of Texas at Arlington, USA), Melanie Blanton (The Citadel, USA), Jennifer Albert (The Citadel, USA), Deepti Joshi (The Citadel, USA), and Ashley Ray Andrews (The Citadel, USA)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7222-1.ch018
Abstract
This chapter documents findings from the Making CT (Computational Thinking) project, a collaborative effort between project team members and elementary teachers that aims to reimagine interdisciplinary, computational thinking-infused making lessons for a virtual format. Virtual making CT lessons were grounded in four design principles: standards-based practices, clear and explicit expectations, multiple means of engagement, and opportunities for collaboration. Drawing on data from virtual teacher professional development sessions, lesson implementation, and teacher interviews, this chapter illustrates how teachers were able to engage in the difficult work of reconceptualizing CT-infused making lessons for the virtual classroom. These principles can be used to support the design of other interdisciplinary activities to support P-5 students' development of creative and authentic problem-solving in virtual learning environments.
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Computational Thinking and Life Science: Thinking About the Code of Life
Broadly, a set of cognitive skills, processes and concepts that involve expressing problems and their solutions in ways that a computer could also execute.
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Computational Thinking: The Bridge Between the Engineering Design Process and Project-Based Learning
A problem-solving strategy that originated in computer science but is applicable to any complex problem.
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Learning Coding Through Gaming
Computational thinking comprises the types of strategies used to code computers and can be applied outside of computer programming with the goal of efficiency and elegance, i.e., doing a lot with a little.
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Computational Thinking and Social Studies Teacher Education: What, Why, and How
Summarizes habits of mind or skills characterized by using computers to solve complex problems or, borrowing from computer science, developing problem-solving skills such as abstraction, pattern generalization, algorithmic thinking, decomposition, automation, and recursion.
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Coding Across the Curriculum: How to Integrate Coding Into Content Areas
A way of approaching problems and situations using logical skills often employed in computer programming.
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Assessing Algorithmic Thinking Skills in Early Childhood Education: Evaluation in Physical and Natural Science Courses
A process by which fundamental principles of computer science are employed in order to solve problems, design systems and understand human behavior.
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Future STEMist Join Forces
Is a set of problem-solving methods that involve expressing problems and their solutions in ways that a computer could execute.
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Black Girls STEAMing Through Dance: Inspiring STEAM Literacies, STEAM Identities, and Positive Self-Concept
The development of thought processes that reflect the steps that one would execute to instruct computers to perform tasks.
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Developing Storytelling Activities Supporting Computational Thinking Using Educational Robots
A competence that can be useful in solving complex problems of everyday life.
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Developing Computational Thinking Using Lego Education WeDo at 4th Grade of Primary Education: A Case Study
It is a problem-solving process that implies the use of technological tools as well as algorithmic thinking and logical thinking to organize the data, analyse them and present the solutions. It is a fundamental skill in the 21 st -century.
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Introducing Computational Thinking Unplugged in Early Childhood Education Within the Context of Physical and Natural Science Courses: A Pilot Study in Greece
A process by which fundamental principles of computer science are employed in order to solve problems, design systems and understand human behavior.
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Shooting for the Stars: Micro-Persistence of Students in Game-Based Learning Environments
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Theories and Practices Behind Educational Robotics for All
Computational thinking was first used by Seymour Papert and made widely known by Jeanette Wing at Carnegie Mellon University, in 2006. She explains that it is a problem-solving process and a fundamental skill for everyone in the world. Recently, there is a strong need to introduce computational thinking in the PK-12 educational environment.
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Computational Thinking in Innovative Computational Environments and Coding
A method for solving problems mainly used for the development of computer applications, but that can also be used to support problem solving across all academic disciplines.
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Computer Science in Mathematics Preservice Teacher Education
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Investigation of Variables Related to Computational Thinking Self-Efficacy Level in Middle School Students: Are Demographic Variables, Academic Success, or Programming-Related Variables More Important?
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Fostering Computational Thinking With Arduino and Lego Mindstorms
A set of problem-solving skills and techniques, a process of approaching a problem in a systematic manner and creating and expressing a solution such that it can be carried out by a computer.
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Steamsational Writing: An Investigation Into Using Robots to Inspire Children's Narrative Skills
Computational thinking is a problem-solving heuristic that is commonly used in coding, but has applications across the curriculum. Four processes are generally included in computational thinking including decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and creating an algorithm.
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Advancing Research in Game-Based Learning Assessment: Tools and Methods for Measuring Implicit Learning
A systematic approach to problem-solving required for computational problems that includes problem decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithm design.
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Digital Nature Explorations: Taking Technology Outside
Finding solutions as algorithms or computational steps.
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Towards the Development of a Game for Computational Thinking: Identifying Students' Needs and Interests
Computational thinking is a collection of problem-solving techniques that describes problems and solutions in a way that a computer can understand.
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Engaging All Learners Through Quality Early Childhood Teacher Education
Computational thinking involves solving problems, designing systems, and understanding human behavior by employing analysis, abstraction, sequencing, negotiation, and consensus building technologies.
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Educational Robotics as a Learning Tool for Promoting Rich Environments for Active Learning (REALs)
Computational thinking is first used by Seymour Papert, and made widely known by Jeanette Wing at Carnegie Mellon University, in 2006. She explains it is problem-solving process and a fundamental skill for everyone in the world. Recently, there is a strong need to introduce computational thinking in the PK-12 educational environment.
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Mini-Robots as Smart Gadgets: Promoting Active Learning of Key K-12 Social Science Skills
A way of thinking or doing that involves solving problems, designing solutions using computer systems.
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Video Game Making and Modding
A set of thought processes and problem-solving abilities, such as pattern recognition and abstraction, that are foundational to computer science.
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Making and Active Learning in Higher Education
CT allows students to think recursively, decompose a problem into discrete, finite parts, and develop creative solutions in a series of logical steps (i.e., algorithms).
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Pre-Service Teacher Preparation to Integrate Computational Thinking
Thought processes involved in formulating problems and their solutions so that the solutions are represented in a form that can be effectively carried out by an information-processing agent.
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Teaching Media and Information Literacy in the 21st Century
A way of thinking and solving problems based on computer science concepts.
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Educational Robotics and Computational Thinking Development
This concept is a thinking process which expresses active use of information and communication technologies’ concepts in solution of complex problems.
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Home Design Using Robotic Devices: 3D Bioclimatic Home Design Utilizing Arduino
A novel problem-solving approach that enhances the interpolation of digital technologies with human ideas.
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Digital Education Strategy
A form of thinking that involves expressing problems and solving them in ways that can be assisted by computers.
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Assessment of Learning and Technology: Computer Science Education
A broad category of skills that facilitate problem solving that involves creating a logical, stepwise solution that can be executed by a machine.
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Fostering Future Teachers' Competence in Computational Thinking in an Educational Technology Course
Is a special type of mental skills that one is able to formulate and solve a problem that a computer or people can understand.
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The Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Graduate Course to Prepare Teachers and School Librarians to Lead K-12 Computational Thinking
Computational thinking (CT) is a problem-solving process that includes the following characteristics: formulating problems in a way that enables us to use a computer and other tools to help solve them; logically organizing and analyzing data; representing data through abstractions such as models and simulations; automating solutions through algorithmic thinking; Identifying, analyzing, and implementing possible solutions with the goal of achieving the most efficient and effective combination of steps and resources; and generalizing and transferring this problem solving process to a wide variety of problems (ISTE, CSTA, 2011).
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Educational Robotics: A Journey, Not a Destination
The procedure of defining a problem and articulating its solution in a way that can be understood by a computer.
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The CCAP Project: Using 3D Technologies to Support Teaching Scenarios of History
A novel problem-solving approach that enhances the interpolation of digital technologies with human ideas.
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Fostering Computational Thinking and Creativity in Early Childhood Education: Play-Learn-Construct-Program-Collaborate
A set of problem-solving skills, methods and practices that involve understanding problems and their solutions in ways that a computer could execute.
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“Computational Thinking” From Pre-K to Graduate Studies to Life: A Multi-Channel Inventory of Peer-Shared Learning Resources From the Social Web
The ability to identify a challenge, break it down to constituent parts, and structure some possible solutions through pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithm design.
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Methodologies for Learning and/or Teaching
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Computational Thinking: Activities
A novel problem-solving approach that enhances the interpolation of digital technologies with human ideas.
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Learning Computational Thinking Development in Young Children With Bee-Bot Educational Robotics
Is a set of problem-solving methods that involve expressing problems and their solutions in ways that a computer could execute.
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Acquiring Problem-Solving Skills Through Coding Games in Primary School
Cognitive tool that uses the fundamental concepts of computer science and programming to solve problems, define systems and understand human behavior.
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Using Dr. Scratch as a Formative Feedback Tool to Assess Computational Thinking
The thought processes involved in expressing solutions as computational steps or algorithms that can be carried out by a computer.
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Introducing STEAM Through Tinkercad and Arduino
Techniques help with the tasks of solving a problem, the problem itself and the ways in which it could be resolved and understood.
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Developing Preschoolers' Computational Thinking Skills Through Digital Gameplay
A creative way of thinking that empowers children to be systematic problem solvers, enabling them to identify problems and then brainstorm and generate step-by-step solutions that can be communicated and followed by computers or humans.
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From Computational Thinking to Computational Doing
Techniques applied by humans to express themselves by designing and constructing computation.
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The Contribution of Open Educational Robotics Competition to Support STEM Education and the Development of Computational Thinking Skills
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Effective Integration of Technology in Inquiry Learning: Themes and Examples
Uses the terminology of computer systems (algorithms, iterations, etc.) to express the skill of conceptualizing a problem, developing a solution, and testing and refining the solution ( Wing, 2006 ). Computational thinking refers to a cognitive skillset and does not necessarily require computers or any other technology.
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Measuring the Impact on Student's Computational Thinking Skills Through STEM and Educational Robotics Project Implementation
A term to describe a set of skills or analytical methods that involve human and machine elements to solve problems. These skills usually include problem decomposition, generalization, algorithmic thinking, evaluation, and abstraction.
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Educational Robotics for Creating Effective Computer Science Learning for All
Computational thinking is a set of problem-solving skills for developing solutions. The seminal essay by Jeannette Wing ( https://datascience.columbia.edu/director-jeannette-wing AU44: The URL https://datascience.columbia.edu/director-jeannette-wing has been redirected to https://www.datascience.columbia.edu/director-jeannette-wing. Please verify the URL. ) brought awareness of the importance of computational thinking in education.
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Online Scratch Programming With Compulsory School Children During COVID-19 Lockdown: An Italian Case Study
According to Wing (2011, para. 1), “Computational thinking is the thought processes involved in formulating problems and their solutions so that the solutions are represented in a form that can be effectively carried out by an information-processing agent.”.
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Digital Inclusion and Computational Thinking: New Challenges and Opportunities for Media Professionals
Capability of understanding digital technology framework to solve problems and generate new opportunities as a result of human creativity combined with the reliability of the machines.
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Enlivening a Young Adult Novel on Instagram: Fostering Reading for Pleasure and Interest in Local History
A set of problem-solving methods and practices that involve confronting problems and finding solutions in ways that a computer would also execute. The characteristics that define computational thinking are decomposition (taking a complex problem and breaking it down into a series of small, more manageable problems), pattern recognition/ data representation (detecting arrangements of characteristics or data that yield information about a given system or data set), generalization/abstraction, (formulating general concepts from specific instances by abstracting common properties), and algorithms (a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations or for accomplishing a task).
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Learning With Games and Digital Stories in Visual Programming
It involves solving problems by employing concepts fundamental to computer science.
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Integrating Computational Thinking and Mathematics: A Case Study on Four K-8 STEAM Programs in Ontario, Canada
allows students to think recursively, decompose a problem into discrete, finite parts, and develop creative solutions in a series of logical steps (i.e., algorithms).
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Revisiting Merrill's First Principle of Instruction: Embracing Computational Thinking in Mobile Learning
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Robotics as a Powerful Vehicle Toward Learning and Computational Thinking in Secondary Education of 21st Century
A set of problem-solving skills, methods, and practices that involve understanding problems and their solutions in ways that a computer could execute.
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Educational Robotics Between Coding and Engineering Education
Can broadly defined as an approach to planning, problem solving, and creating in a way that enables the use of automating solutions through modelling and algorithmic thinking so that the solutions could be operationalized with a computer.
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A Review of Educational Games for Teaching Programming to Primary School Students
Is a set of problem-solving methods that involve expressing problems and their solutions in ways that a computer could execute.
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Personalized Education for a Programming Course in Higher Education
Cognitive process that allows the generation of solutions to problems through the use of specific skills, such as abstraction, decomposition, generalization, evaluation, and algorithmic design.
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Computational Thinking and Mathematics: Possible Relationships Revealed by an Analysis of National Curriculum Guidelines
A term first used by Jeanette Wing (2006) to make reference to specific skills and activities that are strongly related to the work of Computer Scientists, such as abstraction, separation of concerns, performance analysis and construction of models. Computational Thinking skills are often associated to the teaching of Computer Science principles to students that are not necessarily pursuing technology-oriented careers.
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Behavioral Innovations in Computer Science and Computational Thinking in P-16 Education
This refers to the process of solving problems, designing systems, and understanding human behavior that draw on the fundamental concepts of computer science.
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A Novel Strategy to Improve STEM Education: The E-Science Approach
A fundamental skill-set that enables problem solving via abstraction, algorithm development, system design and data processing to create computational tools that would automate solving the problem.
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Teachers' and Learners' Acceptance of the Use of Robotics in the Intermediate Phase
Computational thinking is a dynamic process, which consists of different techniques of problem-solving approaches, which include articulation of challenges and their resolutions in a manner that a computer might also accomplish ( Chalmers, 2018 ).
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