What is Illumination

With the increasing demand of nanoparticles in various applications, many challenges are also noticed in terms of synthesizing accurately designed nanomaterials. The characteristics to be customized in order to make these nanomaterials useful need characterization and verification using different tools that have certain limitations and significant strengths. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the description of measurement methods that may be applied to nanodimension in order to study their most important physical and chemical features. This chapter will provide a detailed introduction, mechanism of working, and limitations of various characterization tools. Focus will be on giving detail about widely applicable and commonly approachable methods to measure properties that can be categorized in terms of size, size distribution, aggregation, shape, dimension, surface area, composition, surface chemistry, charge, surface potential, and functionally active interactive groups.