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What is Outlier

Chapter 11
Handbook of Research on Computational Forensics, Digital Crime, and Investigation: Methods and Solutions
An observation that lies an abnormal distance from other values.
Published in Chapter:
Testing Digital Forensic Software Tools Used in Expert Testimony
Lynn M. Batten (Deakin University, Australia) and Lei Pan (Deakin University, Australia)
Copyright: © 2010 |Pages: 22
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-836-9.ch011
Abstract
An expert’s integrity is vital for the success of a legal case in a court of law; and witness experts are very likely to be challenged by many detailed technical questions. To deal with those challenges appropriately, experts need to acquire in-depth knowledge and experience of the tools they work with. This chapter proposes an experimental framework that helps digital forensic experts to compare sets of digital forensic tools of similar functionality based on specific outcomes. The results can be used by an expert witness to justify the choice of tools and experimental settings, calculate the testing cost in advance, and be assured of obtaining results of good quality. Two case studies are provided to demonstrate the use of our framework.
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More Results
Chapter 204
Robust Learning Algorithm with LTS Error Function
Observation that is significantly different from majority of data
Published in Chapter: Robust Learning Algorithm with LTS Error Function; From: Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence
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Chapter 11
Adaptive Principal Component Analysis-Based Outliers Detection Through Neighborhood Voting in Wireless Sensor Networks
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Chapter 157
Outlier Detection in Big Data
Datum that deviates from the norm.
Published in Chapter: Outlier Detection in Big Data; From: Encyclopedia of Business Analytics and Optimization
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Chapter 236
Visualization of High Dimensional Data
The observation whose value is numerically extreme from the remaining data.
Published in Chapter: Visualization of High Dimensional Data; From: Encyclopedia of Business Analytics and Optimization
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Chapter 20
Application to Bankruptcy Prediction in Banks
An observation that does not follow the model or pattern of the majority of the data.
Published in Chapter: Application to Bankruptcy Prediction in Banks; From: Handbook of Research on Machine Learning Applications and Trends: Algorithms, Methods, and Techniques
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Chapter 7
Research Design Considerations
An observation that is an unusual distance or separate from the other values in the sample. Just because it is an outlier, however, does not make it an influential observation. Conversely, an influential observation is not necessarily an outlier.
Published in Chapter: Research Design Considerations; From: Applied Guide for Event Study Research in Supply Chain Management
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Chapter 69
Data Science in the Database: Using SQL for Data Preparation
An outlier is a data value that is very different, in some sense, from most other data values in the same attribute. As such, it lies outside what is considered 'typical' or 'normal' for that attribute. The definition of outlier is context-dependent and often not completely precise. The presence of an outlier may indicate an extreme and exceptional data value faithfully recorded or a regular data value that has not been recorded properly. It may be extremely hard to separate these two cases without domain knowledge.
Published in Chapter: Data Science in the Database: Using SQL for Data Preparation; From: Encyclopedia of Data Science and Machine Learning
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Chapter 11
Cross-Sectional Regression
An observation that differs significantly and is, therefore, a poor representation of the wider population and may be discounted or removed from the sample for subsequent analysis because of the unrepresentative nature.
Published in Chapter: Cross-Sectional Regression; From: Applied Guide for Event Study Research in Supply Chain Management
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