Information Science Reference

Table of Contents:

Introductory Chapter: Contemporary Research in Distance Learning / Lawrence A. Tomei (Robert Morris University, USA)

Fundamental Concepts and Theories in online and Distance Learning

This section serves as a foundation for this exhaustive reference tool by addressing crucial theories essential to the understanding of online and distance learning. Chapters within this segment provide an excellent framework in which to position distance learning within the field of information science and technology. With 60 Chapters comprising this foundational base of knowledge, the reader can learn and chose from a compendium of expert research on the elemental theories underscoring the online and distance learning discipline.

Principles to Guide the Integration and Implementation of Educational Technology. / Sara Dexter (Curry School of Education)

Technology's Role in Distance Education / Caroline Howard (International University ); Murray Turoff (New Jersey Institute of Technology); Richard Discenza (University of Colorado at Colorado Springs)

The Pillars of Instructional Technology / Lawrence A. Tomei (Duquesne University)

Psychological Framework for IT Education / Janice Grackin (State University of New York at Stony Brook)

Interactive E-Learning / Claude Ghaoui (Liverpool John Moores University); W.A. Janvier, (Liverpool John Moores University)

Innovation and Technology for 21st Century Education. / Richard Discenza (University of Colorado); Caroline Howard (Touro International University); Murray Turoff (New Jersey Institute of Technology)

Making the Case for Case-Based Learning in Computer Information Systems / Morgan Jennings (Metropolitan State College of Denver); Charles H. Mawhinney (Metropolitan State College of Denver); Janos Fustos (Metropolitan State College of Denver)

What is an Authentic Learning Environment? / Anthony Herrington (University of Wollongong); Jan Herrington (University of Wollongong)

A Brief History of Networked Classrooms: Effects, Cases, Pedagogy, and Implications / Louis Abrahamson (The Better Education Foundation)

Patterns in Electronic Brainstorming / Alan R. Dennis (Indiana University); Alain Pinsonneault (McGill University); Kelly McNamara Hilmer (University of Tampa); Henri Barki (HEC Montréal); Brent Gallupe (Queen’s University); Mark Huber (University of Georgia); François Bellavance (HEC Montréal);

Using Audience Response Systems to Develop Critical Thinking Skills / Robert Webking (University of Texas at El Paso); Felix Valenzuela (Yale Law School)

Mobile Educational Technology / Chris Houser (Kinjo Gakuin University); Patricia Thornton (Kinjo Gakuin University)

Learning Styles and Adaptive ICT-Based Learning Environment. / Zlatko J. Kovacic (The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand)

What Do They Learn?. / Carla R. Payne (Vermont College of Union Institute & University)

Online Problem-Based Learning Approach in Higher Education. / Roisin Donnelly (Dublin Institute of Technology)

Re-Enacted Affiliative Meanings and “Branding” in Open and Distance Education. / Gary M. Boyd (Concordia University); Dai Zhang (Concordia University)

Opportunities for Open Source eLearning. / Fanuel Dewever (IBM Business Consulting Services)

Researching Distance Education and E-Learning. / Som Naidu (University of Melbourne)

Learning IT: Where Do Lecturers Fit?. / Tanya McGill (Murdoch University); Samantha Bax (Murdoch University)

Security and Privacy in Distance Education. / George Yee (Institute for Information Technology)

Evaluation of Computer Adaptive Testing Systems / Anastasios A. Economides (University of Macedonia); Chrysostomos Roupas (University of Macedonia)

Accessibility of Technology in Higher Education. / Deborah W. Proctor (Minnesota State Colleges and Universities)

Virtual Reality & Immersive Technology in Education / Patrick E. Connolly (Purdue University)

Student Retention in Online Education. / Mac Adkins (Troy State University Montgomery); Wanda B. Nitsch (University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences)

Assessing Satisfaction and Academic Locus of Control of Dropout Students in online Learning Courses / Yair Levy (Nova Southeastern University)

Gender Differences and Hypermedia Navigation: Principles for Adaptive Hypermedia Learning Systems / Jing Ping. Fan (Brunel University, UK); Robert D. Macredie (Brunel University, UK)

Issues in Delivering Course Material Via the Web / Karen S. Nantz (Eastern Illinois University)

Ten Scalability Factors in Distance Education / R. Dwight Laws (Brigham Young University); Scott L. Howell (Brigham Young University); Nathan K. Lindsay (University of Michigan)

Strategies for teaching students With Exceptional Needs in cyber schools. / Shellie Hipsky (Robert Morris University); Lindsay Adams (PA Cyber Charter School)

Traditional Education and Distance Learning. / Karoulis Athanasis (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki); Pombortsis Andreas (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki)

System Conversion: Teaching vs. Reality. / Efrem G. Mallach (University of Massachusetts Dartmouth)

Distance Education in the Era of Internet. / Giorgio Agosti (ABB Process, Solutions & Services)

Simulation, Training, and Education Between Theory and Practice / Angela Piu (University of Calabria)

Pedagogy in Commercial Videos / Katrin Becker (University of Calgary)

Instructors' Experiences with Using Groupware to Support Collaborative Project-Based Learning / John Day (Ohio University,); Hao Lou (Ohio University,); Craig Van Slyke (University of Central Florida,)

Real Science: Making Connections to Research and Scientific Data / Jim Spadaccini (Ideum)

Educational Technology Standards / Michael O'Dea (University of Hull)

Administering a Virtual School / Gaye Lang (Houston Independent School District)

Evaluating Content-Management Systems for Online Learning Programs. / Deborah L. Schnipke (Virtual Psychometrics, LLC); Kirk Becker (University of Illinois); Jim Masters (University of North Carolina at Greensboro)

Brain-Based Learning / Kathleen Cercone (Housatonic Community College)

Usability Evaluation of Online Learning Programs / Bernard Blandin

Intelligent and Adaptive Web-Based Instruction. / Beverly Woolf (University of Massachusetts); Mia Stern (IBM Rational Software Lexington)

Connecting K-12 Schools in Higher Education. / Laura A.B. Dell (Public Library of Cincinnati & Hamilton County)

Gender and Education in Oral Traditions, Culture, and ICTs / Chetan Sharma (Datamation Foundation Charitable Trust)

Gender and the Culture of Computing in Applied IT Education / Susan C. Herring (Indiana University); Christine Ogan (Indiana University); Manju Ahuja (Indiana University); Jean C. Robinson (Indiana University)

Medical Education in the 21st Century. / Stefane M. Kabene (University of Western Ontario); Jatinder Takhar (University of Western Ontario); Raymond Leduc (University of Western Ontario); Rick Burjaw (University of Western Ontario)

Moderating Learner-Centered E-Learning: Problems and Solutions, Benefits and Implications / Curtis J. Bonk (Indiana University); Robert A. Wisher (Indiana University); Ji-Yeon Lee (Indiana University)

Distance Education Associations. / Irene Chen (University of Houston)

Gender in Distance Education Technology / Colette Wanless-Sobel (University of Minnesota & Inver Hills Community College)

Integrating Technology Literacy and Information Literacy / Jennifer Sharkey (Purdue University Libraries); D. Scott Brandt (Purdue University Libraries)

Gender, Education, and Video Games / Anna Escofet Roig (University of Barcelona); Mª José Rubio Hurtado (University of Barcelona)

Educational Technology and Learning Theory. / Gary Berg (California State University Channel Islands)

The Relationship Between e-Collaboration and Cognition / Stephen C. Hayne (Colorado State University); C.A.P. Smith (Colorado State University)

Adult Learners in Higher Education. / Maria R. Correia (Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Technologia e Inovação); Anabela Sarmento (Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto)

ICT in Schools: What is of Educational Value? / Aidan Mulkeen (National University of Ireland)

Delivering Web-Based Education / Kathryn A. Marold (Metropolitan State College of Denver)

Evaluating Distance Education and E-Learning. / Som Naidu (The University of Melbourne)

High Performance Publisher/Subscriber Communication for Adaptive, Collaborative Web-Based Learning / Yugyung Lee (University of Missouri-Kansas City); Markus Junginger (University of Missouri-Kansas City); James Geller (New Jersey Institute of Technology)

Evaluating Student Learning in Distance Education. / Efstratios T. Diamadis (Athens University of Economics and Business); George C. Polyzos (Athens University of Economics and Business)

Distance Education Success Factors / Cathy Cavanaugh (University of North Florida)

Interactivity in Web-Based Learning. / Adams Bodomo (The University of Hong Kong)

We'll Leave the Light on for You: Keeping Learners Motivated in Online Courses / Vanessa Paz Dennen (Florida State University); Curtis J. Bonk (Indiana University)

Online and Distance Learning Development and Design Methodologies

This section offers in-depth coverage of conceptual architectures and distance learning frameworks to provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the emerging technological developments within the field of online distance learning. From basic designs to abstract developments, chapters found in this section serve to expand the reaches of development and design technologies within the online and distance learning community. Included in this section are over 40 contributions from researchers throughout the world on the topic of online development and methodologies in distance learning.

Systems Model of Educational Processes. / Charles E. Beck (University of Colorado at Colorado Springs); Gary R. Schornack (University of Colorado at Denver)

E-Learning Environment / Mizue Kayama (Senshu University); Toshio Okamoto (University of Electro- Communications)

A Conceptual Architecture for the Development of Interactive Educational Media / Claus Pahl (Dublin City University)

Hypermedia Modules for Distance Education. / Nicoletta Sala (Università della Svizzera italiana)

Understanding Section 508 and Its Implications for Distance Education / Mary Hricko (Kent State University)

Inadequate Infrastructure and the Infusion of Technology into K-12 Education. / Gregg Asher (St. Cloud State University)

Web-Based Education Accountability System and Organizational Changes: An Actor-Network Approach. / Xueguang Ma (University of Maryland); Roy Rada (University of Maryland)

Semantics for the Semantic Web: The Implicit, the Formal and the Powerful / Amit Sheth (University of Georgia); Cartic Ramakrishnan (University of Georgia); Christopher Thomas (University of Georgia)

A Comparative Analysis of Computer-Suported Learning Models and Guidelines / Fethi A. Inan (The University of Memphis); Deborah L. Lowther (The University of Memphis)

Evaluating Learning Management Systems: Leveraging Learned Experiences from Interactive Multimedia / Katia Passerini

Online Education and Manufacturing Mode. / Roy Rada (University of Maryland, Baltimore County)

Bridging the Gap with MAID: A Method for Adaptive Instructional Design / Jacopo Armani (Università della Svizzera italiana); Luca Botturi (Università della Svizzera italiana)

Distributed Learning Objects: An Open Knowledge Management Model. / Veronica Diaz, (The University of Arizona); Patricia McGee (The University of Texas at San Antonio)

Innovations for Online Collaborative Learning in Mathematics / Rodney Nason (Queensland University of Technology); Earl Woodruff (OISE/University of Toronto)

Strategic Design for Web-Based Teaching and Learning: Making Corporate Technology Systems Work for the Learning Organization / Brian Corbitt (RMIT University); Dale Holt (Deakin University); Stephen Segrave (Deakin University)

The Essential Elements of Interactive Multimedia Distance Learning Systems / Kurt Maly (Old Dominion University); Hussein Abdel-Wahab (Old Dominion University); C. Michael Overstreet (Old Dominion University); J. Christian Wild, (Old Dominion University); Ayman Abdel-Hamid (Old Dominion University); Sahar Ghanem (Old Dominion University); Waleed Farag (Old Dominion University);

Using Virtual Instrument to Develop a Real-Time Web-Based Laboratory. / Kin Cheong Chu (Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education)

Evaluating Online Learning Applications: Development of Quality-Related Models. / Leping Liu (University of Nevada)

Integrating Visual Representaiton of Knowledge with Learnig Management Syatems: Design Priciples for Advanced Computer-Based Learning Support / John W. Coffey (The University of West Florida)

Reliving the Revolution: Designing Augmented Reality Games to Teach Critical Thinking / Karen Schrier (MIT)

Toward a Comprehensive Model of E-Learning Evaluation: The Components / Curtis J. Bonk (Indiana University); Robert A. Wisher (Department of Defense); Matthew V. Champagne (IOTA Solutions)

Fast Prototyping as a Communication Catalyst for E-Learing Design / Luca Botturi (University of Lugano); Lorenzo Cantoni (University of Lugano); Benedetto Lepori (University of Lugano); Stefano Tardini (University of Lugano)

An E-Learning System Based on the Top Down Method and the Cellular Models / Norihiro Fujii (Hosei University); Shuichi Yukita (Hosei University); Nobuhiko Koike (Hosei University); Tosiyasu L. Kunii (IT Institute of Kanazawa Institute of Technology)

Tertiary Education and the Internet / Paul Darbyshire (Victoria University); Stephen Burgess (Victoria University)

Innovative Approach to Teaching Database Design through WWW: A Case Study and Usability Evaluation / Joanna Jedrzejowicz (University of Gdansk)

Usability of Online Learning Systems and Course Materials / Elizabeth Furtado (Universidade de Fortaleza)

Web-Based Distance Learning and the Second Digital Divide / Sheryl Burgstahler (University of Washington)

Applying Semantic Web in Competence Management / Mikko Laukkanen (TeliaSonera); Heikki Helin (TeliaSonera)

Intelligent Agents Supporting Distributed Collaborative Learning. / Weiqin Chen (University of Bergen); Barbara Wasson (University of Bergen)

Conceiving a Learning Organization Model for Online Education. / Kam Hou Vat (University of Macau); Raymond Wong (University of Macau)

MASCARET: A Pedagogical Multi-Agent System for Virtual Environments for Training / Cédric Buche (Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Brest); Ronan Querrec (Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Brest); Pierre De Loor (Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Brest); Pierre Chevaillier (Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Brest)

Interactive Multimedia Technologies for Distance Education Systems / Hakikur Rahman (SDNP, Bangladesh)

Qualitative Standards for E-Learning: The Demand-Driven Learning Model. / Krista Breithaupt (American Institute for CPAs); Colla J. MacDonald (University of Ottawa)

Complex Adaptive Enterprises / Anet Potgieter (University of Cape Town); Kurt April (University of Cape Town); Judith Bishop (University of Pretoria)

User-Centered Design Principles for Online Learning Communities: A Sociotechnical Approach for the Design of a Distributed Community of Practice / Ben K. Daniel (University of Saskatchewan); David O’Brien (University of Saskatchewan); Asit Sarkar (University of Saskatchewan)

Supporting Navigation and Learning in Educational Hypermedia / Patricia M. Boechler (University of Alberta)

Content Engineering Agent: A TBL-Based E-Course Development Tool with TQM / B.S.N. Cheung (The University of Hong Kong); L.C.K. Hui (The University of Hong Kong); S.M. Yiu (The University of Hong Kong); J.K.W. Lee (The University of Hong Kong); L. K. Kwok (The University of Hong Kong); Kenneth Leung (The University of Hong Kong)

Universal Design for Online Education: Access for All / Rosangela K. Boyd (Temple University); Bonnie Moulton (Temple University)

Curriculum Development in Web-Based Education. / Johanna Lammintakanen (University of Kuopio)

Starting With What We Know: A CILS Framework for Moving from Physical to Virtual Science Learning Environments / Bronwyn Bevan (Director Center for Informal Learning and Schools, Exploratorium)

Frameworks for CMS Design and Evalution / Marwin Britto (Central Washington University)

Educational Software Evaluation. / Michael Shaughnessy (Washington & Jefferson College)

An Adaptive Predictive Model for Student Modeling / Gladys Castillo (University of Aveiro); João Gama (University of Porto); Ana M. Breda (University of Aveiro)

Applying Contextual Design to Educational Software Development / Mark Notess (Indiana University)

An E-Learning System Based on the Top-Down Method and the Cellular Models. / Norihiro Fujii (Hosei University); Shuichi Yukita (Hosei University); Nobuhiko Koike (Hosei University); Tosiyasu L. Kunii (IT Institute at Kanazawa Institute of Technology)

Ubiquitous Agent-Based Campus Information Providing System for Cellular Phones / Akio Koyama (Yamagata University); Leonard Barolli (Fukuoka Institute of Technology)

Online and Distance Learning Tools and Technologies

This section presents an extensive coverage of various tools and technologies available in the field of distance learning that practicing educators can utilize to develop different techniques in support of the development of distance learning educational programs. Research within this section enlightens readers about fundamental research on some of the many tools used to facilitate and enhance the distance learning experience. Also explored are some of the recent technologies that have been deployed in support of distance learning course offerings. With more than 35 chapters, this section offers a broad treatment of some of the many tools and technologies within the online and distance learning community.

Core Principles of Educational Multimedia / Geraldine Torrisi-Steele (Griffith University)

Knowledge Management as a Reference Theory for E-Learning: A Conceptual and Technological Perspective. / Miltiadis D. Lytras (Athens University of Economics and Business); Ambjörn Naeve (Royal Institute of Technology); Athanasia Pouloudi (Athens University of Economics and Business)

Mathematics Education over the Internet Based on Vega Grid Technology / Zhiwei Xu (Chinese Academy of Sciences); Wei Li (Chinese Academy of Sciences); Hongguang Fu (Chinese Academy of Sciences); Zhenbing Zeng (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

IT to Facilitate Distance Education. / M. Gordon Hunter (The University of Lethbridge); Peter Carr (Athabasca University)

Interactive Response Systems in Higher Education / Mick Wood (University of Central Lancashire)

Hyper Video for Distance Learning / Mario Bochicchio (University of Lecce); Nicola Fiore (University of Lecce)

Rubrics as an Assessment Tool in Distance Education. / Bonnie L. MacGregor (Bryant & Stratton College)

Education, the Internet, and the World Wide Web / John F. Clayton (Waikato Institute of Technology)

Learning Portals as New Academic Spaces / Katy Campbell (University of Alberta)

Learning Systems Engineering / Valentina Plekhanova (University of Sunderland)

Storytelling-Based Edutainment Applications. / Anja Hoffmann (ZGDV, Computer Graphics Center e.V.); Stefan Göbel (ZGDV, Computer Graphics Center e.V.); Oliver Schneider (ZGDV, Computer Graphics Center e.V.); Ido Iurgel (ZGDV, Computer Graphics Center e.V.)

Web Conferencing in Distance Education. / M. Michelle Panton (Metavante Corporation)

Wireless Technologies in Education. / Chia-chi Yang (University of Missouri-Columbia)

Multiple Internet Technologies in In-Class Education / Mihir A. Parikh (University of Central Florida); Neeraj Parolia (University of Central Florida)

Change Management and Distance Education. / Parviz Partow-Navid (California State University); Ludwig Slusky (California State University)

Distance Education Delivery / Carol Wright (Pennsylvania State University)

One-to-One Video-Conferencing Education / Hock Chuan Chan (National University of Singapore); Bernard C.Y. Tan (National University of Singapore); Wei-Ping Tan (National University of Singapore)

Automatic Authoring of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia. / Alexandra I. Cristea (Eindhoven University of Technology); Craig Stewart (University of Nottingham)

Simulation and Gaming in IT Education / Norman Pendegraft (University of Idaho)

Students' Perceptions of Online Courses / Judith C. Simon (The University of Memphis); Lloyd D. Brooks (The University of Memphis); Ronald B. Wilkes (The University of Memphis)

Technology of Formal Education / Donald A. Hantula (Temple University); Darleen M. DeRosa (Right Management Consultants)

TEXT-COL: A Tool for Active Reading / Anders Broberg (Umeå University)

Grid Technology for Smart Organizations / Gergely Sipos (Computer and Automation Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences); Péter Kacsuk

A Component-Oriented Approach for Mixed Reality Applications / Michael Haller (Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences)

Digital Literacy and the Use of Wireless Portable Computers, Planners, and Cell Phones for K-12 Education / Virginia E. Garland (The University of New Hampshire)

A Sign Language Teaching System Using Sign Language Recognition and Generation Methods / Hirohiko Sagawa (Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd.); Masaru Takeuchi (Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd.)

Electronic Reading Programs / Julie Masterson-Smith (Manor Intermediate School)

Bluetooth Scatternet Using an Ad Hoc Bridge Node Routing Protocol for Outdoor Distance Education / Yao-Chung Chang, (National Dong Hwa University,); M.T. Lin (National Dong Hwa University); Han-Chieh Chao (National Dong Hwa University); Jiann-Liang Chen (National Dong Hwa University)

Information Retrieval in Virtual Universities / Juha Puustjärvi (Helsinki University of Technology); Päivi Pöyry (Helsinki University of Technology)

Online Behavior Modeling: An Effective and Affordable Software Training Method / Charlie Chen (Appalachian State University); Terry Ryan (Claremont Graduate University); Lorne Olfman (Claremont Graduate University)

Interactive Multimedia Technologies for Distance Education in Developing Countries / Hakikur Rahman (SDNP, Bangladesh)

Geographic Information Systems Research and Data Centers. / John Abresch (University of South Florida)

Web-Based Seamless Migration for Task-Oriented Mobile Distance Learning. / Degan Zhang (Uni-versity of Science and Technology of Beijing); Yuan-chao Li, (China University of Petroleum); Huaiyu Zhang (Northwest University); Xinshang Zhang (Jidong Oilfield); Guangping Zeng (University of Science and Technology of Beijing)

Evaluating the Learning Effectiveness of Using Web-Based Instruction: An Individual Differences Approach. / Sherry Y. Chen (Brunel University)

Multimedia Technologies in Education / Armando Cirrincione (SDA Bocconi School of Management)

Advancing the Effective Use of Technology in Higher Education / Sally M. Johnstone (WCET)

Design Levels for Distance and Online Learning / Judith V. Boettcher (Designing for Learning and the University of Florida)

Care2x in Medical Informatics Education / Andreas Holzinger (Medical University Graz); Harald Burgsteiner (Graz University of Applied Sciences); Helfrid Maresch (Graz University of Applied Sciences)

An Expert-Based Evaluation Concerning Human Factors in ODL Programs: A Preliminary Investigation / Athanasis Karoulis (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki); Ioannis Tarnanas (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki); Andreas Pombortsis (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki)

Utilization and Application of Online and Distance Learning

This section discusses a variety of applications and opportunities available that can be considered by practicing educators in developing viable and effective distance learning educational programs. This section includes more than 40 chapters which incorporate applications of distance learning into institutions within the educational system as well as application of online learning in the corporate realm. Contributions included in this section also provide excellent coverage of today’s global community and how distance learning technologies and education are impacting the social fabric of our present-day global village.

An Organizational Memory Tool for E-Learning / Marie-Hélène Abel (University of Technology of Compiègne)

Role Adjustment for Learners in an Online Community of Inquiry: Identifying the Challenges of Incoming Online Learners / Martha Cleveland-Innes (Athabasca University); Randy Garrison (The University of Calgary); Ellen Kinsel (New Denver)

Videoconferencing Communities: Documenting Online User Interactions / Dianna L. Newman (University at Albany/SUNY); Patricia Barbanell (Schenectady City Schools); John Falco (College of Saint Rose)

Library Services for Distance Education Students in Higher Education. / Elizabeth Buchanan (University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee)

Perspectives from Multiplayer Video Gamers / Jonathan B. Beedle (University of Southern Mississippi); Vivian H. Wright (The University of Alabama)

Game Mods: Customizable Learning in a K16 setting / Elizabeth Fanning (The University of Virginia)

Issues of E-Learning in Third World Countries / Shantha Fernando (University of Moratuwa)

Knowledge Representation in Intelligent Educational Systems / Ioannis Hatzilygeroudis (University of Patras); Jim Prentzas (Technological Educational Institute of Lamia)

Modes of Openness and Flexibility in Cognitive Flexibility Hypertext Learning Environments / Rand J. Spiro (Michigan State University); Brian P. Collins (Michigan State University); Aparna R. Ramchandran (Michigan State University)

Overcoming Organizational Barriers to Web Accessibility in Higher Education: A Case Study / Amy Scott Metcalfe (University of Arizona)

Creating and Using Multiple Media in an Online Course / Maurice W. Wright (Temple University)

Educational Theory Into Practice Software. / Sara Dexter (University of Virginia)

Combining Synchronous and Asynchronous Distance Learning for Adult Training inMilitary Environments / Ilias Maglogiannis (University of the Aegean); Kostas Karpouzis (National Technical University of Athens)

Reflection and Intellectual Amplification in Online Communities of Collaborative Learning / Elsebeth Korsgaard Sorensen (Aalborg University)

Project Management in Student Information Technology Projects. / Maria Delia Rojas (Murdoch University); Tanya McGill (Murdoch University); Arnold Depickere (Murdoch University)

Scenarios for Web-Enhanced Learning / Jane E. Klobas (Bocconi University and the University of Western Australia); Stefano Renzi (Bocconi University)

Effects of Teaching Science through Immersive Virtual Environments. / Lisa M. Daniels (North Dakota State University); Jeff Terpstra (North Dakota State University); Kimberly Addicott (North Dakota State University); Brian M. Slator (North Dakota State University); Donald P. Schwert (North Dakota State University); Bernhardt Saini-Eidukat (North Dakota State University); Phil McClean (North Dakota State University);

ePortfolios in Graduate Medical Education / Jorge G. Ruiz (University of Miami Miller School of Medicine); Maria H. van Zuilen (University of Miami Miller School of Medicine); Marcos Milanez (University of Miami Miller School of Medicine); Richard G. Tiberius (University of Miami Miller School of Medicine)

Project Smart Remote Classroom Providing Novel Real-Time Interactive Distance Learning Technologies / Yuanchun Shi (Tsinghua University); Weikai Xie (Tsinghua University); Guangyou Xu (Tsinghua University); Peifeng Xiang (Tsinghua University); Baopeng Zhang (Tsinghua University)

The Role of Project Management in Technology Literacy. / Daniel Brandon (Christian Brothers University)

It was Hard Work but it was Worth It: ePortfolios in Teacher Education / Andrea Bartlett (University of Hawaii at Manoa)

Supporting and Facilitating Academic Integrity in Distance Education through Student Services / Brian F. Fox (Santa Fe Community College)

ePortfolio and Educational Change in Higher Education in the Netherlands / M.W. (Wijnand) Aalderink (Windesheim University for Professional Education); .H.C.H. (Marij) Veugelers (University of Amsterdam)

ICT in Medical Education in Trinidad and Tobago. / Marilyn Lewis (The University of West Indies)

ICT, Education, and Regional Development in Swiss Peripheral Areas. / Chiara Giorgi (Università della Svizzera Italiana); Dieter Schürch (Università della Svizzera Italiana)

Applications of Agent-Based Technologies in Smart Organizations. / László Zsolt Varga (MTA SZTAKI)

Enriching and International Program Graduate Offering: A Blended Delivery Model / Vivian H. Wright (The University of Alabama); Jon Beedle (Mississippi Department of Education); Ronnie Stanford (The University of Alabama)

Continuing Science Education of the Global Public. / Leo Tan Wee Hin (Nanyang Technological University); R. Subramaniam (Nanyang Technological University)

Improving Electronic Information Literacy in West African Higher Education / Ibrahima Poda (Miami University); William F. Brescia (University of Arkansas)

How ePortfolios Support Development in Early Teacher Education / Victor McNair (University of Ulster); Kevin Marshall (Trinity College)

Examining Perceptual Barriers to Technology: A Study on the Diffusion of Educational Technology and Education Reform / LeAnne K. Robinson (Western Washington University)

Sustaining ePortfolios: Progress, Challenges, and Dynamics in Teacher Education / Yi-Ping Huang (University of Maryland)

Delivering Management Education via Tutored-Video Instruction. / L. W. Murray (University of San Francisco); Alev M. Efendioglu (University of San Francisco)

E-Moderating in Higher Education / Gilly Salmon (Open University Business School)

Diffusion of Web-Based Education in Singapore and Australia. / Y.Y. Jessie Wong (Independent Educational Researcher); R. Gerber (University of New England); K.A. Toh (Nanyang Technological University)

Effective Technology-Mediated Education for Adult Chinese Learners. / Hsianghoo Steve Ching ( City University of Hong Kong); Carmel McNaught ( The Chinese University of Hong Kong); Paul W. T. Poon (Hong Kong SAR Government)

Integrating Writing into IT/MIS Courses. / Jeffrey W. Merhout (Miami University); Stephanie J. Etter (Miami University)

Supporting Creativity in Software Development: An Application in IT Education / Aybüke Aurum (The University of New South Wales); Meliha Handzic (The University of New South Wales); Adrian Gardiner (The University of New South Wales)

Online Assessment of Foreign Language Proficiency: Meeting Development, Design and Delivery Challenges / Paula Winke (Georgetown University)

Diffusion of E-Learning as an Educational Innovation / Petek Askar (Hacettepe University); Ugur Halici (Middle East Technical University)

Constructing a Clinical Experience in the Classroom / Jennifer R Jamison (Murdoch University)

Implementing Computer-Supported Learning in Corporations / Doris Lee (Pennsylvania State University); Steve Borland (Temple University Health Systems)

Understanding Participation in Online Courses: A Case Study of Online Interaction / Noppadol Prammanee (Burapha University International College)

Using E-Learning to Globalize a Teacher Education Program / Hilary Wilder (William Patterson University)

Organizational and Social Implications of Online and Distance Learning

This section offers a wide range of research regarding the social and organizational impact of online and distance learning technologies around the world. Chapters included in this section epitomize some of the most contested issues within society where access to technology is concerned. One of the most prominent issues discussed in this section is the integration of technology to allow access for all classrooms regardless of socioeconomic statusarguably the most important social and organizational barrier that this field of study has yet to overcome. With over 30chapters, this discussion offers new insights into the incorporation of distance education within organizations and its impact on the social scheme within our global community.

Education and Organization: ICT, Assets, and Values / Pier Cesare Rivoltella (Catholic University of Milan)

E-Mail Usage in South Pacific Distance Education. / Jonathan Frank (Suffolk University); Janet Toland (Victoria University of Wellington); Karen D. Schenk (K.D. Schenk and Associates Consulting)

Introducing a Computer-Adaptive Testing System to a Small School District / Timothy Pelton (University of Victoria); Leslee Francis Pelton (University of Victoria)

Organizational Models for Faculty Support: The Response of Canadian Universities. / Margaret Haughey (University of Alberta)

Legal Implications of Online Assessment: Issues for Educators / Bryan D. Bradley (Brigham Young University)

Virtual Organizations in Post-Graduate Education in Egypt. / Sherif Kamel (The American University in Cairo)

Western Governors University and Competency-Based Education. / Douglas B. Johnstone (Western Governors University)

). Narrowing the Digital Divide: Technology Integration in a High-Poverty School / June K. Hilton (Jurupa Valley High School)

Stanford CyberLab: Internet Assisted Laboratories / Lambertus Hesselink (Stanford University); Dharmarus Rizal (Stanford University); Eric Bjornson (Stanford University); Sandy Paik (Stanford University); Raj Batra (Stanford University); Peter Catrysse (Stanford University); Dan Savage (Stanford University);

Free-Choice Learning Research and the Virtual Science Center: Establishing a Record Agenda. / Kathryn Haley Goldman (Institute for Learning Innovation); Lynn D. Dierking (Institute for Learning Innovation)

Social Recommender Systems: Recommendations in Support of E-Learning / Sheizaf Rafaeli (University of Haifa Mt. Carmel); Yuval Dan-Gur (University of Haifa Mt. Carmel); Miri Barak (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

ICT Aided Education for People’s Empowerment. / Ashok Banerji (Monisha Electronic Education Trust); Saswata Basu (Monisha Electronic Education Trust)

Literacy in K-12 Teacher Education: The Case Study of a Multimedia Resource / Kristina Love (The University of Melbourne)

The Cross-Cultural Dimensions of Globalized E-Learning / Andrea L. Edmundson (none listed)

Facilitating Students with Special Needs in Mainstream Schools: An Exploratory Study of Assistive Learning Technologies (ALT / Claire Khek (National University of Singapore); John Lim (National University of Singapore); Yingqin Zhong (National University of Singapore)

Distance Education from Religions of the World. / P. Clint Rogers (Brigham Young University); Scott L. Howell (Brigham Young University)

Distance Education in Small Island Nations. / Ali Fawaz Shareef (Massey University); Kinshuk (Massey University)

Accessibility of Computer-Based Testing for Individuals with Disablities and English Language Learners within a Validity Framework / Eric G. Hansen (ETS); Robert J. Mislevy (University of Maryland—College Park)

Authentic Cases and Media Triggers for Supporting Problem-Based Learning in Teacher Education / Mike Keppell (Hong Kong Institute of Education)

The Seven C's of Comprehensive Online Assessment: Lessons Learned from 36 Million Classroom Assessments in the Cisco Networking Academy Program / John T. Behrens (Cisco Systems, Inc.); Tara A. Collison (Cisco Systems, Inc.); Sarah DeMark (Cisco Systems, Inc.)

Programmed Instruction, Programmed Branching, and Learning Outcomes / Robert S. Owen (Texas A&M University-Texarkana); Bosede Aworuwa (Texas A&M University-Texarkana)

Distance Education in South America / Luis Barrera (Cesar Vallejo University)

Distance Education in Turkey. / Petek Askar (Hacettepe University)

Quality Assurance Issues for Online Universities / Floriana Grasso (Liverpool University); Paul Leng (Liverpool University)

Motivation to E-Learn Within Organizational Settings: An Exploratory Factor Structure / M.A. Rentroia-Bonito (Instituto Superior Técnico); J. Jorge (Instituto Superior Técnico); Claude Ghaoui (Liverpool John Moores University)

Distance Learning and Educational Technology in Malaysia. / Habibah Lateh (University of Science); Arumugam Raman (University of Science)

Gender, IT, and Educational Choice in East and West Europe / Alan Durndell (Glasgow Caledonian University); Jane Miller (Glasgow Caledonian University)

Educational Technology in the Middle East. / Adrienne A. R. Reynolds (UAE University)

Secure Soap-Based Web Services for Distance Education / Komathy, K., ., & (Anna University); Vivekanandan, P (Anna University)Ramachandran, V. (Anna University)

Online program Assessment: A Case Study of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Experience / Faye L. Lesht (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign); Rae-Anne Montague (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign); Vaughn J. Page (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign); Najmuddin Shaik (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign); Linda C. Smith (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

Eight Key Elements of Successful Self-Funding E-Learning Programs / Yair Levy (Nova Southeastern University); Michelle M. Ramim (Nova Southeastern University)

Using E-Learning to Promote Excellence in Polytechnic Education / Maggie Beers (British Columbia Institute of Technology)

Managerial Impact of Online and Distance Learning

This section presents contemporary coverage of the social implications of online and distance learning, more specifically related to the corporate and managerial utilization of online learning technologies and applications, and how online learning can be facilitated within these organizations. Core ideas such as training and continuing education of human resources in modern organizations are discussed through these more than 25 chapters. Discussions of strategic planning related to the organizational elements as well as the e-learning program requirements that are necessary to build a framework for the institutionalization and sustainment of e-learning as a core business process are discussed within the chapters found in this section. Equally as crucial, within the educational management system, there is discussion of the virtual classroom which addresses the latest research concerning the management of digital networking via the internet to schools, particularly those in rural communities.

Competency Management Systems and Technologies. / Shantha Liyanage (The University of Auckland Business School)

An Ontology-Based Competence Management Model to Support Collaborative Working and Organisational Learning / José Braga de Vasconcelos (Universidade Fernando Pessoa); Chris Kimble (University of York)

Functionalities and Position of Manufacturing Execution Systems / Vladimír Modrák (Technical University of Košice)

Operational Success in Distance Education. / Wm. Benjamin Martz, Jr. (University of Colorado at Colorado Springs); Venkateshwar K. Reddy (University of Colorado at Colorado Springs)

How Do IT Students Stay Up to Date with Employers' Skill Requirements. / Tanya McGill (Murdoch University); Michael Dixon (Murdoch University)

Stakeholders in Web-Based Education. / A.K. Aggarwal (University of Baltimore)

Information Systems Education for the 21st Century: Aligning Curriculum Content and Delivery with the Professional Workplace. / Glenn Lowry (United Arab Emirates University); Rodney Turner (Victoria University of Technology)

The Management of Virtual Classes in School District Digital Intranets / Ken Stevens (Memorial University of Newfoundland)

Total Quality Management in Higher Education. / Gary Berg (California State University Channel Islands)

Project Management and Graduate Education / Daniel Brandon (Christian Brothers University)

A Strategy to Expand the University Education Paradigm: Selling Online Class Resources. / Richard Ryan (University of Oklahoma)

Education Trends in Thai Businesses Utilizing Information Technology / Heather Gray (Griffith University); John Campbell (Griffith University)

Bridging the Industry-University Gap through Action Research / Ned Kock (Texas A&M International University)

Education Networks: Expected Market- and Cost-Oriented Benefits / Michaela Knust (Georg-August University); Svenja Hagenhoff (Georg-August University)

Business Students as End-User Developers: Simulating "Real Life" Situations through Case Study Approach / Barker, S. (Sandra Barker); University of South Australia

Building Educational Technology Partnerships through Participatory Design / John M. Carroll (The Pennsylvania State University)

Using Web-Based Technologies in a Graduate Class to Develop an Entrepreneurship Knowledge Portal / Nory B. Jones (The Maine Business School); Bret Golann (The Maine Business School); Gloria Vollmers (The Maine Business School)

A Comparison Between the Use of IT in Business and Education: Applications of the Internet to Tertiary Education / Stephen Burgess (Victoria University); Paul Darbyshire (Victoria University)

Methodologies to Determine Class Sizes for Fair Faculty Work Load in Web Courses / Kathryn M. Zuckweiler (University of Nebraska-Lincoln); Marc J. Schniederjans (University of Nebraska-Lincoln); Dwayne A. Ball (University of Nebraska-Lincoln)

IT Training as a Strategy for Business Productivity in Developing Countries / Shirish C. Srivastava (National University of Singapore); Thompson S.H. Teo (National University of Singapore)

Using Emerging Technologies for Efective Pedagogy in Management Educationg / Sunil Hazari (State University of West Georgia) ()

Peer Coaching and Reflective Practice in Authentic Business Contexts: A Strategy to Enhance Competancy in Post-Graduate Business Student / Richard Ladyshewsky (Curtin University of Technology); John Ryan (Ryan Management Consulting)

Introducing GIS for Business in Higher Education. / David Gadish (California State University Los Angeles)

Distance Learning as Commercializing Higher Education. / Gary Berg (California State University Channel Islands)

Implementing and Sustaining E-Learning in the Workplace. / Zane L. Berge (University of Maryland); Lenora Giles (University of Baltimore)

Faculty Participation in Distance Education Programs. / Catherine C. Schifter (Temple University)

ARS Evoltion: Reflections and Recommendations / Harold M. Horowitz (Socratec, Inc.)

Critical Issues in Online and Distance Learning

This section contains 30 chapters addressing issues such as gender barriers, web accessibility, quality assurance and development of e-learning in under-developed countries presenting readers with an in-depth analysis of the most current and relevant issues within this growing field of study. Models for researchers and practitioners are offered as attempts are made to expand the reaches of online and distance learning within the higher education community. The Formation of Frameworks in which to position the issues faced in this growing field is provided by research found in this section while the core psychological paradigms of education are translated into applicable ideas within the exploding realm of online and distance education. Crucial examinations of the cultural biases innate in online and distance learning are presented in this section while simultaneously enticing and inspiring the reader to research further and participate in this increasingly pertinent debate.

Critical Barriers to Technolgy in K-12 Education. / Christine Sweeney (NCS Pearson)

Computer Skills, Technostress, and Gender in Higher Education / Sonya S. Gaither Shepherd (Georgia Southern University)

Increasing Web Accessibility and Usability in Higher Education. / Barbara A Frey (University of Pittsburgh); Ashli Molinero (University of Pittsburgh); Ellen Cohn (University of Pittsburgh)

Evaluating Computer-Supported Learning Initiatives / John B. Nash (Stanford University); Christoph Richter (University of Hannover); Heidrun Allert (University of Hannover)

Do the Philosophical Foundations of Online Learning Disadvantage Non-Western Students? / David Catterick (University of Dundee)

Inquisitivism: The Evolution of a Constructivist Approach for Web-Based Instruction / Dwayne Harapnuik (University of Alberta)

The Most Dramatic Changes in Education Since Socrates. / Allen Schmieder (JDL Technologies, Inc.)

Quality Assurance and Online Higher Education. / Edward D. Garten (University of Dayton); Tedi Thompson (American Public University System)

Issues for Library Management When Implementing Large-Scale Programmatic Change. / Kathy Arsenault (University of South Florida St. Petersburg); Ardis Hanson (University of South Florida); Joan Pelland (University of South Florida at Sarasota); Derrie Perez (University of South Florida at Sarasota); Beverly Shattuck (Hinks and Elaine Shimberg Health Sciences Center Library)

What Factors Promote Sustained Online Discussions and Collaborative Learning in a Web-Based Course? / Xinchun Wang (California State University)

Challenges to Implementing E-Learning in Lesser Developed Countries / Bolanle Olaniran (Texas Tech University)

Information Technology Certification: A Student Perspective / Tanya McGill (Murdoch University); Michael Dixon (Murdoch University)

Electronic Paralanguage: Interfacing with the International / Katherine Watson (Coast Community College District)

Enhancing Inclusion in Computer Science Education / Donald D. Davis (Old Dominion University); Debra A. Major (Old Dominion University); Janis V. Sanchez-Hucles (Old Dominion University); Sandra J. DeLoatch (Norfolk State University); Katherine A. Selgrade (Old Dominion University); Shannon K. Meert (Old Dominion University); Nikki L. Jackson (Norfolk State University);

Technology-Mediated Progressive Inquiry in Higher Education / Hanni Muukkonen (University of Helsinki); Minna Lakkala (University of Helsinki); Kai Hakkarainen (University of Helsinki)

Enhancing Phronesis: Bridging Communities Through Technology / Anders D. Olofsson (Umeå University); J. Ola Lindberg (Mid Sweden University)

Female Retention in Post-Secondary IT Education / Jeria L. Quesensberry (The Pennsylvania State University)

Contextualized Learning: Supporting Learning in Context / Marcus Specht (Fraunhofer FIT-ICON)

Electronic Portfolios and Education: A Different Way to Assess Academic Success / Stephenie M. Hewett (The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina)

Behaviour Analysis for Web-Mediated Active Learning / Claus Pahl (Dublin City University)

Gender Differences in Education and Training in the IT Workforce / Pascale Carayon (University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA); Peter Hoonakker (University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA); Jen Schoepke (University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA)

Preparing African Higher Education Faculty in Technology. / Wanjira Kinuthia (Georgia State University)

Disability, Chronic Illness and Distance Education. / Christopher Newell (University of Tasmania); Margaret Debenham (Consultant)

A Socio-Technical Analysis of Factors Affecting the Integration of ICT in Primary and Secondary Education. / Charoula Angeli (University of Cyprus); Nicos Valanides (University of Cyprus)

Critical Success Factors for Distance Education Programs / Ben Martz (University of Colorado at Colorado Springs); Venkat Reddy (University of Colorado at Colorado Springs)

Understanding Cognitive Processes in Educational Hypermedia / Patricia M. Boechler (University of Alberta)

The Online Discussion and Student Success in Web-Based Education / Erik Benrud (American University)

The Influences and Responses of Women in IT Education / Kathryn J. Maser (Booz Allen Hamilton)

Factors Affecting the Adoption of Educational Technology. / Graeme Salter (University of Western Sydney)

EBS E-Learning and Social Integrity / Byung-Ro Lim (Kyung Hee University)

Educational Geostimulation / Vasco Furtado (University of Fortaleza); Eurico Vasconcelos (Integrated Colleges of Ceará (FIC))

Emerging Trends in Online and Distance Learning

Emerging Trends in Online and Distance Learning This concluding section highlights research potential within the field of online and distance learning while exploring uncharted areas of study for the advancement of the discipline. The introductory chapters set the stage for future research directions and topical suggestions for continued debate. Providing a fresh, alternative view of distance education, colleagues from universities all over the world explore the adaptive traits necessary as disseminators of knowledge within this evolving platform of educationa reminder that not only is the role of the learner rapidly evolving, but so too is the role of the facilitator. Educational programs throughout the world have witnessed fundamental changes during the past two decades—changes that are emphasized in the 25 rigorously researched chapters included in this section. With continued technological innovations in information and communication technology and with on-going discovery and research into newer and more innovative techniques and applications, the online and distance learning discipline will continue to witness an explosion of knowledge within this rapidly evolving field.

Trends and Perspectives in Online Education / Bruce Rollier (University of Baltimore); Fred Niederman (Saint Louis University)

E-Learning in Higher Education: The Need for a New Pedagogy / Dirk Morrison (University of Saskatchewan)

Evaluation of an Open Learning Environment / Geraldine Clarebout (University of Leuven); Jan Elen (University of Leuven); Joost Lowyck (University of Leuven); Jef Van den Enden (Institute of Tropical Medicine); Erwin Van den Ende (Institute of Tropical Medicine)

Faculty Perceptions and Participation in Distance Education / James R. Lindner (Texas A&M University); Kim E. Dooley (Texas A&M University); Chanda Elbert (Texas A&M University); Timothy H. Murphy (Texas A&M University); Theresa P. Murphrey (Texas A&M University)

How Distance Programs will Affect Students, Courses, Faculty and Institutional Futures / Murray Turoff (New Jersey Institute of Technology); Richard Discenza (University of Colorado at Colorado Springs); Caroline Howard (HC Consulting)

E'Learing: Trends and Future Development / Bernhard Ertl (Ludwigs-Maximilians-University Munich); Katrin Winkler (Ludwigs-Maximilians-University Munich); Heinz Mandl (Ludwigs-Maximilians-University Munich)

On the Convergence of Formal Ontologies and Standardized E-Learning / Miguel-Ángel Sicilia (University of Alcalá); Elena García (University of Alcalá)

Guerilla Evaluation: Adapting to the Terrain and Situation / Tad Waddington (Accenture); Bruce Aaron (Accenture); Rachael Sheldrick (Accenture)

Standards? What and Why? / Phil Long (Information Services and Technology); Frank Tansey (Technology Consultant)

A New Taxonomy for Evaluation Studies of Online Collaborative Learning. / Lesley Treleaven (University of Western Sydney)

Re-Engineering Library Education / Vicki L. Gregory (University of South Florida)

Knowledge Management Trends: Challenges and Opportunities for Educational Institutions. / Lisa A. Petrides (Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education); Lilly Nguyen (Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education)

Online Academic Libraries and Distance Learning. / Merilyn Burke (University of South Florida); Bruce Lubotsky Levin (University of South Florida); Ardis Hanson (University of South Florida)

Online Assessment and Instruction Using Learning Maps: A Glimpse into the Future / Jim Lee (CTB/McGraw-Hill); Sylvia Tidwell-Scheuring (CTB/McGraw-Hill); Karen Barton (CTB/McGraw-Hill)

Future Directions of Multimedia Technologies in E-Learning / Timothy K. Shih (Tamkang University); Qing Li (City University of Hong Kong); Jason C. Hung (Kuang Wu Institute of Technology)

The Changing Library Education Curriculum / Vicki L. Gregory (University of South Florida)

E-Learning and New Teaching Scenarios:The Mediation of Technology Between Methodologies and Teaching Objectives / Cecilia Mari (Università Cattaneo – LIUC); Sara Genone (Università Cattaneo – LIUC); Luca Mari (Università Cattaneo – LIUC)

Virtual Schools / Glenn Russell (Monash University)

Future Directions of Course Management Systems. / David Mills (CyberLearning Labs, Inc)

Next Generation: Speculations in New Technologies. / Bryan Alexander (Middlebury College)

The Emerging Use of E-Learning Environments in K-12 Education: Implications for School Decision Makers / Christopher O’Mahony (Saint Ignatius’ College, Riverview)

Academic, Economic, and Technological Trends Affecting Distance Education. / Nathan K. Lindsay (University of Michigan); Peter B. Williams (Brigham Young University); Scott L. Howell (Brigham Young University)

Motivating Women to Computer Science Education / Roli Varma (University of New Mexico); Marcella LaFever (University of New Mexico)

simSchool and the Conceptual Assessment Framework / David Gibson (CurveShift)