Abstract

The intricate relationship between defense and security expenditures and economic growth has long been a subject of debate among economists, policymakers, and political scientists. In a world where geopolitical tensions, national security concerns, and international conflicts shape the policy priorities of states, the allocation of resources to defense and security has become a vital aspect of economic planning. While some argue that defense spending is a necessary investment in maintaining stability, sovereignty, and global influence, others contend that excessive military expenditure can divert crucial resources away from social and economic development, potentially stifling long-term growth.Historically, nations have justified large-scale defense and security expenditures on the grounds of safeguarding territorial integrity, maintaining internal stability, and deterring external threats. In doing so, governments aim to create a secure environment conducive to economic activity and foreign investment.