It is beyond question that China and its population are confronted with a complex environmental challenge, characterized by a diverse range of issues. Among them acid rain and urban air pollution, both of representing critical concern closely related to China’s coal based energy generation. Land degeneration represents, in its various forms (deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, salinization), another pressing issue for China, especially rural soil pollution is a critical topic. Marine pollution represents yet another pressing environmental issue for China.