Artificial Intelligence for Natural Intelligence
Priyanshi Shah (Thoughtworks Technologies, India) and Ajay Narayan Shukla (DIT University, India)
Copyright: © 2022
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Pages: 21
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-2443-8.ch002
Abstract
The content of this chapter will start by introducing neuroscience, how the brain communicates with the human body, along with neuroscience's history and research in brief with AI. After that, some of the devices used for gathering brain signals will be explained taking its focus towards EEG signals. The preprocessing techniques and algorithms used will be detailed along with some impactful algorithms which have been proven best till now in some of the real scenarios. It will be followed by the challenges faced in neuroscience (mostly BCI). Next, applications will be discussed under two main categories—(1) medical-related fields for treatment or diagnosis and (2) for global lifestyle change—where it will be further divided into different subfields as stated previously. The chapter will be concluded with its future scope for the well-being of humanity.
TopThe Brain And The Nervous System
An important aspect of the brain functioning lies in centralized control of the body. To ensure its effectiveness, a network of several neurons help in communication of other parts of the body with the brain. There are billions of neurons with specific functionalities associated with them. The two major types of neurons are sensory and motor neurons. Sensory neurons are responsible for sending information from senses to the brain and motor neurons send signals from the brain to the other parts of the body. There is an adaptive behavior of the brain which is responsible for sensory voluntary actions and command utilizing the nervous system, the primary medium of interaction. Some information is kept within the brain while others are communicated. The brain itself has 4 major lobes (figure 1) which are responsible for different functions like movement, sense, vision, speech, long and short-term memory etc. Thus, depending upon the requirement, the specific lobe gets activated and responds accordingly.
Figure 1.
Four major lobes of the brain
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