To reach the high depths of knowledge and expertise that are required nowadays, scientists focus their attention on minute areas of study. However, the most complex problems faced by scientists still need the application of different disciplines to tackle them, which creates a necessity for multi-disciplinary collaboration. Cryptology is naturally a multidisciplinary field, drawing techniques from a wide range of disciplines and connections to many different subject areas. In recent years, the connection between algebra and cryptography has tightened, and established computational problems and techniques have been supplemented by interesting new approaches and ideas. Cryptographic engineering is a complicated, multidisciplinary field. It encompasses mathematics (algebra, finite groups, rings, and fields), probability and statistics, computer engineering (hardware design, ASIC, embedded systems, FPGAs), and computer science (algorithms, complexity theory, software design), control engineering, digital signal processing, physics, chemistry, and others. This chapter provides an introduction to the disciplinary, multidisciplinary, and their general structure (interdisciplinary, trans-disciplinary, and cross-disciplinary). And it also gives an introduction to the applications of the multidisciplinary approaches to some of the cryptology fields. In addition, the chapter provides some facts about the importance of the suitability and of the multidisciplinary approaches in different scientific, academic, and technical applications.
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It is not enough to be within the field of specialty to gather various cognitive issues related to this field. Scientist, today, cannot claim that she/ he is alone capable of owning the “Science flag” undisputed. Today, the tributaries of knowledge overlapping the various types of science, scientific and humanitarian. And there is great importance of the consequences of sciences overlap each other: agricultural, historical, geological, mathematics, computer science, communication, control, economics, medicine..... etc. Therefore, human knowledge would not be able to evolve without such wonderful overlap of scientific and humanitarian fields. There is a fact that the expert in any field of knowledge (whatever this field) can’t alone answer all the questions, she/ he must be assisted by other scientists with different scientific disciplines, to test and study “her/ his area” from different scientific and humane perspectives (Wyn, 2010).
Over long periods of time, an approach prevailed callings for disciplinary segregation in subjects in schools and universities and led to a distortion of perception of holistic context of knowledge, and thus to an impaired ability to see relations and ideas and the broad framework. It has established 'separatist' and specialized knowledge deepened since the seventh century and increased in the twentieth century, where complete separation has occurred between different branches of knowledge, there have been independent disciplines and which are far apart from each other, such as mathematics, sociology, astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology, psychology and the humanities, and others. And this is reflected on the curriculums, which have become an island spaced and do not reflect the integrated aspects of life.
Science develops within moments, and the added values result from the applications of result in increase of devised. Every day showing us science and new disciplines previously unknown. The future direction is focusing on multi-disciplinary research. While the Informatics is characterized by control, interaction and time communication, which increase their use in the teaching and learning process. The future directions are focusing on intelligent systems and what is known as (collective intelligence) (Simon et al, 2011).
This approach was used extensively prepared in the light of the programs and decisions of integrated various branches of knowledge have been adopted in many universities in the world, including: biomechanics, health sciences and sports medicine (Lee, 2005).
Computer scientists and engineers are no exception to this rule – fields such as bioinformatics, cybernetics, information science and quantum computing reside in the intersection between computer science and other disciplines. Researchers in computer science and engineering will therefore benefit greatly from developing such collaborative skills during the course of their studies. For if he or she wishes to participate in multidisciplinary ventures in the future, he or she must become able to appreciate differing perspectives and methods. Computer scientists and engineers apply their skills to many multidisciplinary fields. Different specialized profiles have a place in modern research and industry (Vacca, 2013).
Quantum computation is a field which will be acquiring more and more importance in the next years. Computer scientists with a good understanding of the physical foundations involved will participate in the development of the new technologies that will become more of a practical reality in the medium (Schneider & Gresting, 2012; Sergienko, 2005)
Grid computing has emerged as a fast evolving and important field which has gained substantial attention from multidisciplinary researchers worldwide due to its broad applicability. It is seen as the next generation computing technology, offering virtually “unlimited” resource sharing for computationally intensive advanced science and engineering problems (Michael & Isaac, 2010)