Abstract

This study examines structural, psychological, and institutional drivers of remote work in Central America using a convergent mixed-methods design. Drawing on surveys, SEM, and focus-group thematic analysis across six countries, it identifies three core determinants of efficacy: infrastructure quality, legal and employer support, and caregiving roles. Findings show burnout declines with reliable internet and ergonomic resources (H1); women, especially caregivers, report higher psychological strain (H2); and legal awareness and organizational flexibility predict productivity, with burnout mediating effects (H3). Integrating the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model and Cultural Capital Theory (CCT), the study explains how material and symbolic resources shape telework disparities. Policy actions include stronger labor protections, expanded digital infrastructure, and gender-sensitive practices. Overall, it offers a regionally grounded, globally relevant framework for inclusive, sustainable remote work.