What is White, Grey, and Black Areas

The EU Commission distinguishes between white, grey, and black areas, when allowing state aid to broadband projects. White areas are sparsely populated rural zones without broadband access. In these areas state aid is allowed. Grey areas are areas where broadband is already provided and permission for state aid demands a more detailed assessment. Black areas are those where at least two competing infrastructures exist. In such areas state aid is generally not allowed.

PPP as a Tool for Stimulating Investments in ICT Infrastructures

Morten Falch (Aalborg University, Denmark) and Anders Henten (Aalborg University, Denmark)