Multivariate Optimization of the Cutting Parameters when Turning Slender Components

2. Literature Review

The influence of the follow rest and cutting parameters on the deviations induced after turning slender bars was investigated by Jianliang and Rongdi (2006), who stated that workpiece deflection is the principal factor affecting dimensional deviations of shafts with high slenderness ratios, whereas deflections of the workpiece clamping system and tool holder are the major source of dimensional errors induced in bulky shafts, therefore, when turning slender bars, the deflection of the tool holder can be neglected. Not surprisingly, the experimental work indicated that the smallest deflection was obtained near the chuck, where the workpiece is firmly held by the jaws, followed by the tailstock. Highest deflection was recorded in the region between the centre of the workpiece and the tailstock. Finally, the dimensional deviation (diameter error) increased drastically with feed rate and depth of cut owing to the machining forces elevation and decreased slightly as cutting speed was increased.

According to Hinduja et al. (2003), the principal sources of geometric errors on machined components are the machine tool, cutting force induced errors, thermal errors and tool wear. These authors used a combination of linear and rotational springs to model force-induced errors when turning. The experimental validation indicated that the magnitudes of the force-induced and thermal errors are comparable.

Liu and Venuvinod (1999) report that error compensation strategies are not widely employed in the shop floor owing to fact that they require a large amount of data from each machine tool using specific equipment (such as laser interferometers) while the machine tool is idle. An error compensation strategy based on the dimensional assessment of previously machined components is proposed and the authors claim that a maximum diameter error of 5 μm is obtained, in contrast to 70 μm when the program is not used.