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What is Synchronous

Handbook of Research on Learner-Centered Approaches to Teaching in an Age of Transformational Change
Instructor will conduct teaching in real time. Instructors and students will log on to the Learning Management System to meet in person.
Published in Chapter:
Teaching and Learning in Turbulent Times: International College Students in the U.S.
Tony Lee (Texas A&M University, Commerce, USA) and Ruby Cheng (University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, USA)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-4240-1.ch014
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected 91% of the educational institutions globally and forced educational institutions to shut down. The public health crisis has caused issues among international college students, particularly students of Chinese or Asian descent. This chapter focuses on how American colleges and universities responded to this public health crisis, when in-person classroom instruction suddenly became unavailable, forcing instructors and international college students to transition to online/remote learning. Also, the chapter discusses international college students' experience with online learning, and the challenges and opportunities instructors experienced with online teaching in turbulent times. The authors also offer recommendations on ways to improve online teaching and online learning for instructors and international college students.
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Virtual Exchange Experiences Energized by an Educational Technology Paradigm Shift
Online learning delivered remotely on predetermined days and times via a video conferencing program.
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Strategies and Tools for Promoting Discourse During Mathematics Problem-Solving in Online Settings
Online course meetings that take place at a set time with students participating concurrently.
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Community in the Online Environment
In sync or together. Refers to the type of communication where both individuals are together communicating with each other at the same time—telephone, instant messaging, virtual chatrooms.
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Distance Education at University Settings
In online courses, synchronous term refers to communication that occurs in real time even though participants located at different places.
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IM's Growth, Benefits, and Impact on Communication
At the same time, or simultaneously. Time-dependent.
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Normalizing an Off-Campus Course with Video-Conferencing
An activity in which is undertaken in the context of time. Participants must be present in a shared time and space (online or F2F) to interact with each other. Examples include traditional classroom discussions, audio chat and video chat.
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Facilitating Scholarly Discussion Boards for Human Resource Education
Communication is occurring at the same time and same place, e.g. people are in a chat room and are talking at one time.
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Building Capacity Through Multiculturalism and Diversity in the Online Classroom
Instruction between educators and students, which occurs simultaneously.
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Using Blended Learning and Emerging Technologies to Transform the Adult Learning Experience
Online classes or programs that require learners and instructors to be online at the same time in order to facilitate lectures, discussion, and/or presentations.
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Blended Mentoring: Integrative Approach for Faculty Mentoring
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Issue and Practices of Electronic Learning
Communication in which interaction between participants is simultaneous
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EFL Students' Perceptions and Practices Regarding Online Language Learning: A Case in Vietnam
(of learning or teaching) hHappening with a teacher and group of students who are all taking part in a lesson at the same time, either physically together in one place or using the Internet.
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Adapting Course Assignments to Online Postings for Rural and Remote Students in a Bachelor of Education Program
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Using Course Maps for Easy Classroom to Computer Transition
Communication that requires both students and faculty to interact online at the same time, such as in a real-time chat.
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Distance Learning Concepts and Technologies
A real time two-way communication that occurs at the same moment without any delay.
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Librarianship Through Every Occasion: Staying Open and Online During a Pandemic
Occurring at a specific, fixed point in time. Conducive to activities that require real-time conversation.
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Learner Perceptions of Online Courses
Online communication tools that allow instructors and learners to interact and effectively communicate when they are connected to the course management system at the same time. These tools allow users to text chat, conference call, video teleconference, use an online whiteboard, and view presentation materials while performing these other tasks.
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Access, Relevance, and Inclusivity: Assessing What Matters Most to Virtual Faculty
Refers to a learning event in which a group of individuals are engaged in learning at the same time.
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Lessons Learned: Delivering a Professional Master's Degree at an HBCU
Courses that require regular meetings or class sessions.
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Just-in-Time Training (JITT) and its Implications for Teaching and Learning
A form of online discussion among students, workers, or instructors that is scheduled for a specific time. It may be referred to as a “live chat,” where all participants are online at the same time in a virtual chat room.
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Lectures and Discussions in Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality Learning Environments: The Effect of Communication Modality on Learner Satisfaction and Mental Effort
An example of synchronous communication is a live online group discussion or a video conference where participants either communicate simultaneously or take turns.
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Facilitation of Web-Based Courses Designed for Adult Learners
Occurring at the same time, typically used to refer to technologies such as chat
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Telementoring in the P-16+ Environment
Refers to online communication that occurs at the same time.
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Supporting Students Through Online Learning
An online course that is delivered in real-time, where learners and faculty instructors meet together. These sessions often occur through a video conferencing tool but can occur through text chats as well.
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The Future of Distance Education: An International Comparative Study
Learning that occurs in real-time, where participants communicate simultaneously.
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K-20 Learning along a Novice to Expert Continuum in Online Learning Environments
Synchronous sessions specify a time to meet weekly and also define a time element.
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Interaction in Distance Learning
Occurring at the same time: interaction is immediate or nearly immediate for individuals who are utilizing the same communication channel, such as an Internet-based discussion board, conference, messaging system, or e-mail.
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Implementation of the Ford PAS Web-Based Curriculum
Synchronous communication is a type of two-way communication that occurs with virtually no time delay, allowing participants to respond in real time.
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Resourcing Equity for Online Learners: Supporting Students-with-Limitations
refers to learning opportunities where the learning occurs for all students at the same time and have the ability to communicate with each other, such as in a virtual classroom.
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Quality Matters as the Gold Standard for Accessibility, Diversity, and Inclusion in Online Learning
An online course methodology that requires attendance at a specific class meeting time in an online environment.
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Facilitation of Web-Based Courses Designed for Adult Learners
Occurring at different times, typically used to refer to technologies such as a discussion board or e-mail that may be utilized at the user’s convenience
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Using Gagné's Events of Instruction to Analyze Online Course Quality
Online communication tools that allow instructors and learners to interact and effectively communicate when they are connected to the course management system at the same time. These tools allow users to text chat, conference call, video teleconference, use an online whiteboard, and view presentation materials while performing these other tasks
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Improving Diversity and Equality in STEM Education: Universal Design for Learning and the LEVEL Model
Learning that is completed on-line with a structured class time, instructor guidance, and use of online platforms to access the class.
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Beyond Onboarding: Building a Culture of Continuous Professional Development for Effective Online Instruction
Real-time online interactions and communication between student peers and faculty virtually through web conferencing, chat rooms, and audio or video capabilities.
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TACTivities: A Way to Promote Hands-On, Minds-On Learning in a Virtual Learning Environment
Happening at the same time. Synchronous remote learning activities might include attending a lecture presented live over the internet; engaging in live online discussions with other students; working together with other students to complete guided learning activities.
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Doctoral Student Involvement in Online Course Development: Collaboration on an Introduction to Special Education Course
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Strategies to Support Teachers in Designing Culturally Responsive Curricula in Online Learning Environments
An example of synchronous communication is a live group discussion on an online platform to which all participants contribute simultaneously. An advantage of synchronous communication is the potential to increase one’s sense of community with the other contributors, one’s level of engagement, and one’s sense of immediacy due to immediate reactions one might receive.
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How to Teach Writing Effectively in a Virtual Environment: Tips for Growing Student Writers Through a Virtual Platform
Instruction that occurs in live class sessions, in which students log on to an online classroom and participate in activities in live time with their teacher.
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Evaluating the “Flipped” Face to Face Classroom and the Online Classroom in Teacher Education
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Experiential Learning Model for Online and F2F Programs in University Continuing Education
A course which is delivered with live elements existing or occurring at a specific time.
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Engaging Students in a Large Classroom and Distance Environment
Whether physically or virtually all members of a group are present at the same time.
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Facilitation Strategies to Moderate Synchronous Virtual Discussion Groups in Teacher Training
“Live” communication, for example in a video conference or a group discussion in a virtual world (opposite of asynchronous) where contributors engage with each other in real time.
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Building Identity through Online Collaboration
A type of communication feature that allows for individuals to carry on “live” conversation; individual responses are not delayed.
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Future Methods of Adult Education
Electronic communication that is instant so requires the participants to be connected electronically at the same time.
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Online Corporate Collaborative Teams
Same time. When applied to communication tools, it refers to those such as phone, audio- and video-conferencing, real-time chat and face-to-face meeting, where participants must be in the communication session at the same time.
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Cybercells for Virtual Teaching and Learning
In real time (e.g., face-to-face instruction).
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Planning Effective Multimedia Instruction
A method of two-way transmitting data in which the parties present in the same time and space. An example of synchronous communication is a chat room.
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Innovative Strategies for Preparing and Developing Career and Technical Education Leaders
Interaction, communication, and/or completion of tasks between two individuals or groups that are completed in the same location during the same set timeframe.
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The Impact of 4English Mobile App of EFL Students' Reading Performance in a Secondary Education Context
In contrast to “asynchronous,” the term “synchronous” describes learning in which teachers and students converse simultaneously. Synchronous training includes activities like conventional in-person classes.
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The Experiences of Preparatory School Students With Online Language Classes and Tools
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Empowerment of Grass Roots Communities Through Information-Driven Learning
Synchronous communication technologies require the simultaneous participation of the communicating parties. In this system, both the learners and educators interact to each other on the same platform and at the same time.
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Constructivist Teaching and Learning in a Web-Based Environment
Refers to the ability for members of a learning community to complete a task at the same time. Computer whiteboards and chat tools are examples of synchronous tools used in the Web-based environment.
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Using Learning Management Systems to Promote Online Instruction
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Social Structures of Online Religious Communities
In communication, this term refers to channels which require both (or all) participants to be present simultaneously, communicating in real time; face-to-face, telephone and Instant Messaging communications are synchronous
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Traditional Instructional Design for Online Learning vs. Unconventional Instructional Design
A real time two-way communication with virtually no time delay, allowing participants to respond in real time.
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Preparing Participants for Computer Mediated Communication
Online communication that occurs among participants simultaneously.
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Telemedicine in Pandemic Times
The transmission of date and medical records simultaneously during the same time period usually associated with interactive video connections.
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Taxonomies for Technology
Occurring at the same time. In synchronous electronic communications, it is reasonable to expect that all communicating parties are at or near their computer or communications technology. Telephone is a synchronous technology.
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IM's Growth, Benefits, and Impact on Communication
At the same time, or simultaneously. Time-dependent.
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Telementoring: Mentoring Beyond the Constraints of Time and Space
Refers to the nature of telecommunications that permits participants to communicate online at the same time.
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Cohort Programming
E-learning in which the instructor and participants engage at the same time.
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Building Interaction in Adults' Online Courses: A Case Study on Training E-Educators of Adults
In online education, the term refers to educator-learner interaction and communication that takes place at the same time through the use of technology, e.g. videoconferences, chats etc.
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Best Practices for Online Training and Support for Online Instructors
Synchronous class activities are the activities that require students and faculty to login at a specific time and date. These activities typically make use of a web conferencing tools. There are many tools available, some are free some require a paid account. Google Hangouts and Zoom both have free options available. There are some limits with the free rooms. Adobe Connect, Blackboard Collaborate, and Zoom all have paid options available. Most of these tools allow two-way webcam video, two-way audio, file sharing, text chat, polling, white board sharing, and group break-out sessions.
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A Matrix for E-Collaboration in Rural Canadian Schools
In real time (e.g., face-to-face instruction).
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Preparing Part-Time Instructors for Success in Online Course Development and Teaching
A course which is delivered with live elements existing or occurring at a specific time.
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Building Identity through Online Collaboration
A type of communication feature that allows for individuals to carry on “live” conversation; individual responses are not delayed.
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Quality Distance Learning Programs and Processes
This term, meaning ‘coinciding in time,’ refers to communication carried out with all parties present at the same time, but not necessarily in the same physical location. For example, a face-to-face or telephone conversation, a videoconference and a chat-room discussion are all forms of synchronous communication. (Retrieved on August 18, 2004, from www.uwe.ac.uk/library/nlsf/blackboard/glossary.shtml)
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Online Learning's Future in the Workplace with Augmented Reality
Two-way communication that occurs with no time delay, allowing interaction in real time.
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Revisit Planning Effective Multimedia Instructions
A method of two-way transmitting data in which the parties present in the same time and space. An example of synchronous communication is a Chat room.
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Preparing Participants for Computer Mediated Communication
Online communication that occurs among participants simultaneously.
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Digital and Collaborative Work: Winning Couple?
Instant communication mode allowing learners to communicate at the same time.
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Blending Digital Content in Teacher Education Programs
In this type of online classroom setting student engage in class discussions and activities that occur at a specific day and time synchronously. This type of online classroom environment provides multiple opportunities and ways for students to interact with other students and their instructor in real time.
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Virtual Instruction in Social Service Professional Programs in Higher Education: Going Viral
Educational platforms that are dependent upon the instructor and student being on-line in real time (Simonson, Snaldino, Albright, & Zvacek, 2012).
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Classroom Without Borders
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines the word as happening, existing, or arising at precisely the same time. To achieve synchronous teaching and learning via the Internet technologies, teachers and learners can chat with each other or do videoconferencing.
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“In the Office”: Communication in Virtual Environments
Synchronous refers to communications that occur in real-time or near real time.
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Education Research with Electronic Focus Groups
Communications and associated processes occurring in real time and space.
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An Overview of Asynchronous Online Learning
In distance education, synchronous refers to real-time communication in a learning process. This includes methods like individual and group chat and parallel audio and video streaming.
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Technology Support for Collaborative Learning
Communication that takes place between participants at the same moment in time. Participants may be at the same place or at different places.
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Social Presence in Distance Learning
Occurring at the same time. In the context of communications technologies, synchronous technologies have communicators engaging in the communication experience or event at the same time or in real time. For example instant messaging or chat rooms.
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Asynchronicity, Access, and Attainment: Best Practices of an Adult Degree Completion Program
An online methodology for delivering academic course content that requires students to have a real-time presence (via web conferencing, text chat, video/audio connection) of some kind during a specified time frame.
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Netiquette
Synchronous electronic communications require real-time interface in that both the sender and receiver are expected to interact simultaneously.
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