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Top1. Introduction
Emerging universal transportation has made people travel at their desired destination more complex and inconvenient because of the enormous vehicle population, unpredictable traffic on the road, and sudden accidents, creating the environment and peoples’ lives more difficult. An intelligent transportation system avoids such problems and ensures optimized traffic by giving valuable recommendations to the onboard vehicles to improve the safety throughout the journey for vehicles and pedestrians (Rajkumar S C & L. Jegatha Deborah 2017). Another critical reason for accidents is independent vehicles such as classical vehicles, bicycles, motorcycles, trucks, and others with no internet connection to create vehicle-type communication. However, even if this type of vehicle driver has smartphones for receiving emergency alerts, the driver side’s response rate is not efficient compared with the proposed system. Despite this, inattentive driving causes severe injuries to pedestrians as well as the environment. Moreover, drivers have fewer possibilities to take better solutions without intelligent recommendations before attempting the worsening state. Some of the following factors play a significant role in reaching worsens state:
Driver’s visibility is always worse at night than during the day, and in this case, an inattentive driver has a high chance of hitting the pedestrian on the highways.
If a driver consumes alcohol or illegal drugs while driving, their optic nerves are damaged and cause increasing the likelihood of an accident while driving.
Many accidents occur due to distracted driving, and such are cell phone calls/texting, eating, drinking, and listening to music if a vehicle speeding on the highway, especially along with zebra crossings, chance to create an environment more dangerous and any distraction can exacerbate the causality for pedestrians and vehicles.
Most street lights installed on highways illuminate only the pedestrian crossing place, although some people might cross outside the cross line at the low light side, resulting in a high-speed vehicle and distracted or careless drivers who can affect the precious life of a human or animal.
Unexpected road damage caused by heavy rainfall, sudden road works, vehicle damage, and other factors causes the pedestrian or vehicle, resulting in tragedy.
The proposed system predictive results were obtained using intelligent agents such as Reinforcement Learning RL to solve unsafe transportation by providing alerts for independent vehicles and pedestrians. Another important key factor for avoiding an accident is to improve the responsive time from the server-side to avoid a collision, and it improves the results for getting a lower hit rate. Today, many vehicles have obstruction detection sensors used for vehicle parking, compact size, low cost, and good sensing range. The proposed system uses a Light Distance and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor, which is implemented on the roadside to calculate better detection results of pedestrians and independent vehicles, and the sensor flow is depicted in figure 1.