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Top1. Introduction
5G is expected to provide much wider bandwidth compared to the previous generation of technologies. It is progressive in terms of lesser battery depletion, higher data volume per unit area and highest capability to connect a greater number of devices instantaneously. 5G focuses and address mainly on the three comprehensive views:
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User-centric: It provides 24/7 device connectivity, endless communication facilities.
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Service provider centric: This facilitates the services such as providing sensors, service entities in the road-side, also tracing and monitoring services.
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Network-operator centric: It provides lesser cost, evenly monitored and safe network organization (Panwar et.al. (2016)).
5G systems are intended to accept a number of developing ideas and skills such as dense small cells and varied systems, device to device communications, energy proficient algorithms and protocols (Wang et al. (2014)). The 5G architecture is shown in Figure Fig 1.
To talk about the main challenges and see the 5G system necessities, there is a need in transformation of the architecture design. The architecture is deployed as a paradigm of densification of the network which is nothing but increasing in the number of antennas as per the User Equipment (UE) and the Mobile Base Station (MBS). This architecture contains numerous kinds of small-cells, relays, and device to device communication for the purpose of providing the users with various Quality of Services (QoS) necessities in the spectrum efficient and energy efficient manners. One of the key ideas is to make outdoor and indoor scenario separate so that infiltration loss through the walls can be avoided. The cognitive radio network (CRN) is used in the architecture which is a group of cognitive radio nodes called Secondary users used for designing architecture, removing interfaces and minimizing the energy consumption in the network. The architecture should be heterogeneous that is it contain microcells, macrocells, minor cells and relays. By making use of a mobile small cell which is positioned inside a vehicle and agree to communicate between the internal UEs, whereas big antenna arrays are positioned outside the vehicle to interact with a MBS. Hence, all the UE’s within a vehicle or a building come out to be a unit with reverence to the corresponding MBS, and finally the SBS looks like a MBS to all these UEs. In order to achieve higher mobility of the users that is, the users in the vehicle or in high-speed trains, femtocell concept has been proposed which is used for combining the concepts of mobile relay and femtocell.
Earlier systems of mobile users used to interact irrespective of inside or outside of the base station, in such a system an outer base station used to be present in the center of the cell which helped in communication, when an inside user needs to interact with an outer base station it should have to travel through the walls which in-turn leads to penetration loss, efficiency and the data rates so to overcome this problem in the advanced system i.e. in 5G we introduced a system called massive MIMO this helped in using large antennas for the purpose of making huge capacity gains.(Gupta et al.(2015))
Some of the forthcoming technologies which are being used in the 5G network are: Radio-links which comprises the growth of new broadcast wave forms and new techniques of several controller and radio source supervision. Multi-node and multi-antenna transmissions involve design of multi-antenna transmission or reception techniques. Device-to-Device communications includes straight interaction among devices permitting local interchange of consumer plane traffic with no participation of any network infrastructure. Ultra-dense Networks aims at increasing the capacity and the efficiency for the better utilization of the system. Ultra-reliable Networks helps in increase in the degree of availability.