Cloud computing and fog computing are very instrumental in local devices, such as cell phones, computers, and sensor devices, connecting to the Internet. To carry out business related activities, companies connect various devices to the Internet for tasks like deliveries and product tracking. This collection of all connected devices is referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT). As a result, cloud computing and fog computing are integral parts of IoT which should be examined first.
A Review of the IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) describes a network of devices capable of acquiring and sharing information, often using Internet Protocol (IP) to communicate with one another (Srinivasan, et al., 2019). Moreover, the IoT consists of several smart electronic devices embedded with wired or wireless technologies to communicate and interact with each other, bypassing human intervention. The overall concept of IoT is that many smart objects can automatically be linked into a network to interact with other smart devices as well as with humans through network systems and perception technologies (Chang et al., 2015). Therefore, Sicari et al. (2015) describes an IoT system as a collection of smart devices that interact on a collaborative basis to fulfill a common goal. Oriwoh et al., (2013) states that the IoT represents the interconnectedness of things with a variety of purposes including identification, communication, sensing, and data collection via the Internet.
Interconnectedness allows the IoT to unify the world under a common infrastructure, giving not only control of the environment, but also information on the state of things around on an ongoing basis (Madakam et al., 2015). The IoT is the direction that technology is progressively moving toward in the 21st century. In the future, the IoT may become a necessity. IoT may not be perceived as individual systems, but as an essential, integrated infrastructure that supports the execution of many applications and services (Stankovic, 2014). IoT implementation is becoming quite common, as today’s devices are generating a great deal of data and creating a bottleneck for the network. To alleviate this problem, the storage and processing capability of many IoT devices connected to the Internet are leveraged by edge computing (EC), thereby creating an intermediate layer between the end-user devices and the cloud (Dolui & Datta, 2017).