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When comparing the United States mainland and Puerto Rico with other nations, the achievement gap in many areas are cited in the research. However, achievement in mathematics is notable lower than other disciplines. Although the United States scores have made small gains, the US ranking in mathematics is 32nd in the world among the most competitive nations, and only 6% of students attained an advanced level in math (Hanyshek, Pertson, and Woesmann, 2012). This lack of proficiency in math is widespread throughout the US. However, math skills deficiencies are significantly lower in Puerto Rican students. This is exemplified in the mean score of college-bound Puerto Rican students who took the SAT in 2010-2011, which was only 452, as compared to the mean score of all students, which was 514 (US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2012). Additionally, the 2013 math scores for grades 4, 8, and 12 have gone virtually unchanged for the last few years, with Puerto Rican students still lagging behind the general population. Note however, that the 2011-2012 SAT scores actually declined six points to for all students who took the test (US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2014). More alarming is that Puerto Rican students who took the SAT during this time frame scored an average of 452, while white students scored 536. This illustrates the problem that Puerto Rican students still score far below the general population, and their white counterparts who take the SAT (US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2014).