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Top2. Literature Review
Web 2.0 (Murugesan S., 2007) is an enhanced version of the Web 1.0. It forms the foundation for social media platforms. It is strongly characterised by the change from static to dynamic or user-generated content. Some of its advantages are: better media support, dynamic and real-time discussion. It enables the user to add their opinions in the form of posts or tweets. Web 2.0 tools (Thackeray et al., 2008) allows the user to create and modify content on many social platforms, like Twitter, Facebook and Youtube. This promotes interactive content, which results in a better user experience. A major part of this data is unstructured texts, such as tweets, reviews and blogs.
Although the first academic studies for analysing public opinion was during World War 2, the evolution of modern sentiment analysis took place in the mid-2000s, whose main purpose was to understand people’s opinion on various online products (Kumar & Vadlamani, 2015). In recent years, researchers started applying sentiment analysis on social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook. This also works well on various other topics like the stock market, disasters, medicines, election and software engineering (Mäntylä et al., 2018).
‘Opinion mining and sentiment analysis’ by Pang and Lee (2008) was the top-cited paper on sentiment analysis. It focuses mainly on the fundamentals and basic application of Sentiment analysis. It also developed some free resources like lexicons and datasets.
One of the pioneer works on Reviews analysis done by Pang, Lee and Vaithyanathan (2002), tried to classify the overall statement, instead of classifying by topics. Using standard machine learning techniques like Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine and Maximum Entropy Classification, they classified the movie reviews as positive or negative.