SZ-GESA: A Geodesical Efficient Self-Deployment Algorithm for Steppe Zones

Introduction

The scarcity of water in steppe zones, being the major concern of the populations, requires a valorisation of the existing and a huge mobilization to satisfy their needs and those of their environments. From this perspective, two actions take priority: mobilizing surface water and preserving groundwater. A spatial planning policy is therefore essential. However, the implementation of development programs in the steppe zones is hampered by several constraints, of which the most salient are related to the knowledge lack of the physical environment. This knowledge lack is mainly due to a weakness of scientific research to accompany these programs. Organizing records of biological environments underneath databases form allows contributing to ecosystems knowledge and comprehension. Steppe being a biologically very fragile milieu, complex and difficult to manage, so the use of these databases permits the assessment of the agricultural steppe patrimony, its cutting in homogeneous zones, the determination of soil use, a land use and pastoral production mapping, the preparation of development and rangelands organization programs, the husbandry animal promotion, the improvement and production intensification. Natural factors, whose actions and interactions constitute the environment, are those that determine the genesis of an ecosystem. It is therefore normal that the data defining it should be grouped in relation to the fundamental aspects of the climatic, geomorphologic, geological, hydrological, plant and human environment. This is reflected in part by the acquisition of numerous field surveys, and secondly, by computer processing of these surveys.

The main objective of this research is to provide steppe specialists, taking advantage of the Internet of Things (IoT) opportunities, by tools to guide them in their policy enforcement choices in the integrated development of the steppe and pastoral zones (Robert, 2017). A first result is to create a database combining climate surveys and topographic analysis, spread over few periods with a WSN that helps to the pseudo-mapping of the steppe rangelands from models developed with the collected spatial data. The property to have steppe zones effective coverage comes from the fact that the 32 million hectares of the Algerian steppe are subject to an uncontrollable degradation of their natural resources (HCDS, 2006). These steppe zones receive an annual rainfall of about 28 billion m³,of which about 06 billion represents the run-off fraction, but only a small portion equivalent to 2% is mobilized (HCDS, 2005). Thus, in order to develop and safeguard these rangelands, the rational use of the water resource must imperatively be well studied. Therefore, in the zones of interest (ZI), in this case the steppe rangelands studied, the surface water mobilization zones (MZ), that is to say those where rainwater is mobilized, must be located by the sensor nodes. These latter must move according to protocols based on geometric approaches (taking into account the spatial coordinates: longitude, latitude and altitude) in order to automatically position themselves in the best locations, to provide optimal coverage and connectivity for the mobile WSN (Miao, 2015).