Currently, additive manufacturing method and 3D printing technologies are used in almost every industry, profession, and field for a vast array of purposes, from the creation of basic models, toys, sophisticated art and fashion products to complex and functional parts for aviation industry. The scientific discipline of biomimetics draws inspiration from nature to develop practical products and systems that mimic biological systems' structure and functions. One benefit of using 3D printing to create biomimicry models is that it enables the development of intricate, precise, and free-formed geometries that resemble natural structures. This is especially helpful in the domains of engineering and design, where it has been demonstrated that ideas inspired by nature are effective at resolving challenging issues. This study emphasizes a review of the development of biomimicry and how additive manufacturing may be applicable to produce new, complex items with structures and mechanisms that imitate principles and designs from nature.
Top1. Introduction
For a very long time, human beings have relied on knowledge gained from nearby nature. In history, both flying and marine animals have been used as sources of design inspiration (Ivanić et.al., 2015). In the early 1950s, the word “biomimetic” was first used to describe a specific area of study (Ellison, 2013). The exploration of biomimetic applications has become a field of study in today's science, and discoveries based on biomimicry are now the subject of in-depth research (Lurie-Luke, 2014). It is a developing field that aims to incorporate biological structures and systems into a variety of applications (Suresh et.al., 2020; Lurie-Luke, 2014). The terms “biologically inspired”, “bio-inspired” or “bionic” are commonly used in place of “biomimetic” (Pohl et.al., 2010). The practice of mimicking nature, or biomimicry, alters how we think about creating, delivering, and distributing goods and services while simultaneously offering opportunities to solve challenging economic and environmental issues (Ivanić et.al., 2015). Learning from nature's design principles can be done through bioinspiration, which entails creating extremely sophisticated engineering models at various length scales and using the richness of knowledge to address some of humanity's most difficult challenges (Srisuwan et.al., 2022; du Plessis et.al., 2021; Thanigaiarasu, 2020; Naik & Singamaneni, 2017; Gamage & Hyde, 2012). Recent advancements in 3D printing and other additive manufacturing methods enable the use of biobased inks to replicate biological-based structures and incorporate biological functionality (Kotanen et al., 2012). These innovations bring us one step closer to really realizing the potential of bioinspired materials and architectures for practical applications (Naik & Singamaneni, 2017). So, to develop this type of system and product 3D printing additive manufacturing is a crucial tool to realize this sophisticated human innovation. By combining modern fabrication methods with synthetic biology, it may be possible to build integrated systems that span many length scales and achieve hierarchical structures that are dynamic and sensitive, just like those seen in nature (Naik & Singamaneni, 2017). Biomimicry, with the help of 3D printing and current advancements in material micro- and nano-manufacturing, can only produce a static approximation of such changing materials because natural materials are the product of an evolutionary process that has taken place over billions of years (Milazzo et al., 2022). Additive Manufacturing has achieved groundbreaking advancements in the biomedical industry for the development of implants, synthetic tissues and organs, prostheses, and drug delivery systems (Al-Dulimi et al., 2021). Additive manufacturing method using 3D printing technologies has the potential to transform biomimetic research and result in discoveries and advancements across a range of domains including the automotive industry, healthcare, construction industry, prostheses, aerospace industry, electric and electronic industry, tissue engineering, and architecture (Shahrubudin et al., 2019). Utilizing 3D printing technologies and biomimetic design ideas, researchers can design devices and structures that are more effective, sustainable, and environment-responsive. To manufacture the present sophisticated bio-inspired device 3D printing is an ideal option as compared to conventional manufacturing systems such as molding. The advantages of 3D printing in creating biomimicry models include the ability to design complicated, precise, and free-formed geometries, the capacity to tailor designs for particular purposes, and the capacity to address complex engineering and design issues using solutions inspired by nature. The biomimicry principles emphasize only natural characteristics, suggesting that humans can benefit much from the mechanism and system of the natural world over billions of years (Pathak, 2019).
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Nature uses only the energy it required.
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Nature harmonizes form with purpose.
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Everything is recycled by nature.
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Nature relies on variety.
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Nature necessitates local knowledge.