Social Norms
Social Norms are a widely intervention strategy for promoting positive health-related behaviors, specifically within a family. It operates on the premise that individuals misperceive their peers’ behaviors and attitudes, with evidence of under and over-estimations of deeds and peer approval for a range of positive and negative conducts (Araújo, 2005; Bartz, 2010; Janzen & Hellsten, 2018). It is branded by assurance, joint judgements, and shared aims. Understanding the structure, function, and the course of action of a family are of the utmost importance to contribute to the individual and group well-being. Indeed, countless changes come about in ongoing families, but the most significant one is that of their structure, understood as an orderly relationship between parts of the family and between the family and other social systems, promoting its uniqueness (Hanson, 2005). Indeed, in the field of Sociology, people as Talcott Parsons that uttered the role of personally and function of devised individuals, both at the level of family structure and at the level of socialization, suggesting that women are expressions of the role of others, a fact that weigh in the well-being of the social unity (Black, 1961). On the other hand, the work of Burr (1998) on gender studies was fundamental to questioning family-related roles that produce, reproduce, and manifest the positions of the genre. In fact, the roles of behavior, duties and expectations correspond to a position of the individual in the social hierarchy. A role is consistent with one’s own behavior, a kind of interaction that creates a specific situation between individuals and different norms, beliefs, and values. Indeed, in this work, four implicit roles in housework were acknowledged, namely physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual, that integrating housework with care work, includes all those who contribute to such kind of occupation. Under this setting, one has new questions on this issue, as well as a re-understanding of specific recognized roles in the situation of women, viz.
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Housewife, i.e., do you do all kinds of household chores, including housekeeping and gardening?;
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Childminder, i.e., does it include taking care of children to meet their needs, namely basic safety and fun?;
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Socialization, i.e., does its aggregate interaction with other family members and external elements?; and
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Therapeutic, these include sharing concerns, being willing to listen to others, actively participating in problem-solving, namely promoting health and preventing disease, and seeking emotional support.
just to name a few. Indisputably, a new tool with evidence for the representation, validity, and reliability of such constructs is needed to measure the WHW and to better describe their final outcomes, i.e., the level of satisfaction that they may or may not enjoy. Indeed, this article reports on the results of a study evaluating the psychometric evidence of WHW, including factor structure, internal consistency, reliability test and validity design. One’s assessment of the validity of the WHW construct emphasizes the extent to which a measure of entropy provides a theoretically meaningful standard of performance, anticipating that there is a major connection among the WHW’s scales and the answers to questionnaires such as ChildMinder, Housewife Care, Therapy and Socialization (Araújo, 2005). In fact, other types of tasks or work might have been considered, but to our understand and purpose, these are the ones that, once affect the process, may have a major impact on the results; this is the rationale behind our option. For a systematic comparison with other approaches and techniques to problem solving see Araújo (2005).