This chapter is one of the core contributions to the IAM industry offered by the author. The author has spent great effort in studying the technical architectures of a number of contemporary IAM solutions. This chapter will discuss the technological and application contributions for each of the organisations, their key deliverables and the active areas. The author has identified over 20 public and private institutions in different countries which are active contributors in the area of Identity and Access Management. In particular, we’ll look into some initiatives that have been established with the primary goal of eliminating passwords. Some of the examples are Microsoft's Cardspace, the Higgins project, the Liberty Alliance, NSTIC, the FIDO Alliance and various Identity 2.0 proposals.