A MANET (mobile ad hoc network) is a self-organized wireless network. This network is more vulnerable to security failure due to dynamic topology, infrastructure-less environment, and energy consumption. Based on this security issue, routing in MANET is very difficult in real time. In these kinds of networks, the mobility and resource constraints could lead to divide the networks and minimize the performance of the entire network. In real time it is not possible because some selfish nodes interacts with other nodes partially or may not share the data entirely. These kind of malicious or selfish nodes degrade the network performance. In this chapter, the authors proposed and implemented the effect of malicious activities in a MANETs using self-centered friendship tree routing. It's a novel replica model motivated by the social relationship. Using this technique, it detects the malicious nodes and prevents hacking issues in routing protocol in future routes.
Top1. Introduction
A Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of devices; it creates the temporary connection without any infrastructure. It communicates the other nodes via multi-hop. No master slave relationship applicable in MANETs (Marchang et al., 2017).
Due to dynamic topology, the devices are simply entered the network and perform the communication then its moves the network in a very fashionable manner. The network size and topology is unpredictable because of this infrastructure less environment (Rajalakshmi et al., 2021). The network performance is highly solicited on the entire nodes. It is mainly used in following applications: Military, Rescue operation, Business work, class rooms, conference and Personal Area Network (PAN).
MANET refers to a form of ad hoc wireless network or mesh networks, having computing mobile devices (nodes), which communicate through networks which are transmitted through any form of base station infrastructure or central administration systems within access points or cell phone networks situated within WLAN. Nodes move freely and randomly and organize arbitrarily and thus, they are unpredictable due to rapid changes in network topology changes rapidly. Such networks usually operate individually, often linked through the Internet.
MANETs, unlike conventional mobile wireless networks, don’t rely on central coordinator but communicate self-organized. Mobile nodes communicate via in interrelated radio ranges, connected through wireless links, situated at a distance from other nodes and they transfer messages through a router. Ad hoc networks nodes, are capable of both sending/receiving messages through its respective hosts and routers can forward data for other nodes. The networks are additionally known as multi hop wireless ad- hoc networks.
MANET working groups in 1996 were set up by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in order to standardize IP routing conventions to suit routing systems which are wireless and function in dynamic and fixed topologies.
MANET, autonomous mobile nodal systems, functions in isolation or has multiple gateways regulated through fixed networks. Wireless transmitters have nodes and receivers which utilize broadcasting Omni dimensional antennas, bi-directional (point-to-point), or both of them unanimously. A system at any point of time is seen to be a random graph due to nodular movements, receiver/transmitter coverage patterns, interference in co-channels and transmission power levels. The topography of networks modifies itself with time through adjusting parameters of transmission and reception connections.
MANETs have these features:
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Unreliable links between wireless nodes causes inconsistencies in the links between ad hoc networks, due to restricted energy among wireless nodes.
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Due to rapid movements amongst nodes and their constantly changing topologies MANET topology changes: nodes constantly move in and out of other nodes radio ranges in ad hoc networks resulting in changing routing information.
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This wireless routing protocols lacks the corporation of multiple static security features meant for ad hoc environments. As the above topology changes continuously, it is important for adjacently paired nodes to include security routing characters to avoid attacks that attempt to use the statically configured routing protocol’s vulnerabilities.
In MANET, the devices are simply move from one place to another place arbitrarily without any difficulties. Individual node may act as a router, it by pass the network traffic to other nodes in the network. MANETs can easily form and deform the networks without the need of any centralized arbiter.
MANETs are classified into four types, namely: