Classification tasks can be solved using so-called classifiers. A classifier is a computer based agent which can perform a classification task. There are many computational algorithms that can be utilized for classification purposes. Classifiers can be broadly divided into two categories: rule-based classifiers and computational intelligence based classifiers usually called soft computing. Rule-based classifiers are generally constructed by the designer, where the designer defines rules for the interpretation of detected inputs. This is in contrast to soft-computing based classifiers, where the designer only creates a basic framework for the interpretation of data. The learning or training algorithms within such systems are responsible for the generation of rules for the correct interpretation of data.
TopOverview Of Classification And Pattern Recognition Techniques
Classification is one of the most frequently encountered decision making tasks of human activity. A classification problem occurs when an object needs to be assigned into a predefined group or class based on a number of observed attributes related to that object. In general, we can say that each task, the output of which is a value from a finite set, can be considered as a classification task.
The whole issue of classification and pattern recognition lies on the border between computer science, mathematics, and artificial intelligence. Pattern recognition is not just limited to work with 2D images which are scanned optically. The issue is the class of procedures that are used for 1D, 2D and 3D signal processing coming from any sensor. For input values, we can consider all data, regardless of their origin, i.e. text, audio, image, etc. Due to the fact that we work on computer input data, all objects can be presented in a binary form without loss of generality. If we assume that a vector can be formed in a different way than the measurement of values, then image recognition receives much wider significance for practical applications. In the last ten years, there has been an expansion of industrial applications that use both optical sensors and special diagnostic procedures to provide the most appropriate solutions of technical or medical problems. More of this issue has been discussed in (Bishop, 2005), (Bishop, 2006) etc.
Classification tasks can be solved using so-called classifiers. A classifier is a computer based agent which can perform a classification task. There are many computational algorithms that can be utilized for classification purposes. Classifiers can be broadly divided into two categories (Ranawana & Palade, 2006): rule-based classifiers and computational intelligence based classifiers, usually called soft computing (Zadeh, 1994).
Rule-based classifiers are generally constructed by the designer, where the designer defines rules for the interpretation of detected inputs. In other words, the programmer has to cover all possible combinations of ranges of values of the input vector using decision tables in cooperation with a domain expert.
This is in contrast to soft-computing based classifiers, where the designer only creates a basic framework for the interpretation of data. The learning or training algorithms within such systems are responsible for the generation of rules for the correct interpretation of data. Then the system tries to optimally apply these rules or to deduce rules by which their decision-making will be controlled.
In practice, there are often used soft-computing classifiers that use one or more rule-based method for preprocessing inputs before their own classification. Such classifiers are a combination of both approaches and their activities can be divided into two steps.