Assessment of Water Quality of Indian Rivers: Case Study of Ramganga, Dhela, and Kosi During Magh Mela 2021

Assessment of Water Quality of Indian Rivers: Case Study of Ramganga, Dhela, and Kosi During Magh Mela 2021

Vivek Rana, Garima Dublish, Ajit Kumar Vidyarthi
Copyright: © 2022 |Pages: 14
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7356-3.ch025
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Abstract

Magh Mela, held from 14th Jan. to 11th Mar. 2021, is an important yearly ritual held on the bank of river Ganga in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. River Ganga is the longest and most sacred river of India. It originates in the Western Himalayas in the State of Uttarakhand and traverses a distance of approximately 2525 km through the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand before meeting the Bay of Bengal in West Bengal. Magh Mela involves a holy dip (bathing) by pilgrims in the River Ganga at Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. To maintain the water quality of River Ganga during Magh Mela, the water quality of its tributaries/sub-tributaries was assessed. Among monitored rivers, Dhela was found to be the most polluted. Rivers Dhela and Bahela impacted the water quality of rivers Ramganga and Kosi, respectively. Moreover, the discharge of wastewater from drains, namely Pachhana drain and Dhandi drain (discharged into river Dhela) and Rampur drain (discharged into river Kosi), impacted the water quality of rivers.
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Materials And Methods

To maintain the water quality of River Ganga during Magh Mela, 2021 during January 14th to March 11th, 2021 at Prayagraj, sampling of rivers Ramganga, Kosi, and Dhela at 16 locations and three connecting drains (Pachhana drain, Dhandi drain, and Rampur drain) was carried out in Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh states of India. The monitoring locations along with geographical coordinates are shown in Table 1.

Table 1.
Sampling locations on rivers (Ramganga, Kosi and Dhela) and adjoining drains
LocationsGeographical coordinates
River Dhela and adjoining drains
River Dhela before the confluence with Pachhana drain (upstream Faridnagar)29.200699, 78.938412
Pachhana drain near Surya Pratap Pipe Industry, Kashipur (U.K.)29.202066, 78.913602
River Dhela at Faridnagar, Thakurdwara (U. P.)29.178715, 78.896908
Dhandi drain at Dhandi bridge, Moradabad-Kashipur Road (U.P.)29.194824, 78.887084
Dhandi drain before the confluence with river Dhela29.187611, 78.900904
River Dhela after the confluence with Dhandi drain (downstream Faridnagar)29.176581, 78.896303
River Dhela near Bhojpur Bridge, U. P.28.971954, 78.824159
River Dhela downstream Bhojpur bridge28.932467, 78.810696
River Kosi and adjoining drains
River Kosi before the confluence with river Bahela28.819632, 78.981674
River Kosi after the confluence with river Bahela and before confluence with Rampur drain28.786423, 78.986267
Rampur drain before the confluence to river Kosi at Ajeetpur (U.P.)28.755712, 79.022035
River Kosi after the confluence of Rampur drain and before confluence with river Ramganga28.647040, 79.021775
River Ramganga and adjoining drains
River Ramganga before the confluence with river Dhela at Agwanpur (U.P.)28.894237, 78.744285
River Ramganga after the confluence of river Dhela at Katghar (U.P.)28.823365, 78.800378
River Ramganga before the confluence with river Kosi28.634598, 79.027699
River Ramganga after the confluence of river Kosi at Shahbad (U.P.)28.553985, 79.048635

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