Bangla Braille Adaptation

Literature Review

Generally, the communication between two people for writing becomes an easy task since both can read and write the same language. However if this communication takes place between a sighted and a visually impaired person, then this will cause problems since the sighted person really does not understand the language of the visually impaired which is called Braille. In this case, a translator of any sort is needed to convert the print message into Braille, which works as a mediator for a blind person in order to read as well as produce expressions.

The Braille system is a method that is widely used by blind people to read and write. Braille was devised in 1821 by Louis Braille, a blind Frenchman. Each Braille character or cell is made up of six dot positions, arranged in a rectangle containing two columns of three dots each. A dot may be raised at any of the six positions to form sixty-four (2⁶) permutations, including the arrangement in which no dots are raised. For reference purposes, a particular permutation may be described by naming the positions where dots are raised, the positions being universally numbered 1 to 3, from top to bottom, on the left, and 4 to 6, from top to bottom, on the right. For example, dots 1-3-4 would describe a cell with three dots raised, at the top and bottom in the left column and on top of the right column, i.e., the letter m. The lines of horizontal Braille text are separated by a space, much like visible printed text, so that the dots of one line can be differentiated from the Braille text above and below. Punctuation is represented by its own unique set of characters.