Abstract
New paradigm and military and hardware variables and political, economic, socio-cultural, and environmental components are considered factors that can act as a threat to the international security. Climate change is one of the most important and complex international challenges in the age of globalization. These small changes in global warming could pose a potential risk to global climate change. Our lives today depend on climate change. In the international arena, the effects of these threats are gradually observed in the relations between the countries. The Darfur War, for example, can be considered the first conflict in the field of climate change. In addition to social tensions, these threats will lead to political unrest and violent conflicts. This issue is recognized as a threat to international peace and security beyond the international agendas in the framework of the UN Framework Convention and the Secretary-General's follow-up and United Nation Bureau of Climate Change.
TopIntroduction
The rupture of the ozone layer and the greenhouse problem, one of the most important concerns of governments in the modern era, is a threat that endangers human health in Korea in the same and comprehensive way. This issue can no longer be raised in the form of the previous two periods. The study of security in this regard is equally proposed for all nations. This will result in global warming, including rainforests, acid rain, and toxic waste from the air, sea, and soil. The 11992 World Summit with the United Nations in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with the participation of 178 countries, endorsed this(Björnsdóttir, 2013).
The summit warned that the environment is a macro-policy in line with the international economy, national security. The summit helped shift the focus from unilateral security to multilateral security, meaning that unilateral and uncoordinated actions by countries are relatively useless, meaning that each country needs the cooperation of others to protect its environment. Two important aspects of environmental security are: 1) Changing natural human habitat, including global warming, ozone depletion, and the destruction of equatorial rainforests. 2) Pollution, including acid rain, toxic waste, and other air, sea, and soil pollution forms. The purpose of security here is to preserve the earth’s physical environment and prevent situations that endanger the survival and quality of human life(Conway, 2010).
Both aspects of environmental security are closely related. Security problems in terms of pollution are more immediate for governments and their leaders, although in developed countries the issue of pollution is a high priority, the countries of the world are still at risk of another type of pollution.
Human life requires relatively constant climatic conditions. Humans upset the earth’s energy balance by consuming energy from fossil fuels and over-producing greenhouse gases. Today, most aspects and areas of human life are affected by the increase of greenhouse gases. This increase has caused the earth’s temperature to rise over the past century, and we expect to have an increase of 2 to 11.5 Fahrenheit over the next 100 years(Conca et al., 2017).
These small changes in the earth’s temperature could pose a potential risk to global climate change. Our lives today depend on climate change. In the international arena, it can be seen that over time, the effects of these threats on relations between countries can be seen as an example of the Darfur War, which can be considered as the first conflict in the field of climate change. In addition to social tensions, these threats will lead to political unrest and violent conflict. The combination of this increase in temperature and the changes that have taken place in the international climate is called climate change. Therefore, climate change is defined as a change in a place’s climatic conditions and characteristics in the long run (Conca et al., 2016). Of course, international climate change regimes have different views on the definition of climate change; On hand; according to Article 2, paragraph 1, of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, “Climate change” is a change that directly or indirectly as a result of human activities, leads to changes in global atmospheric composition. These changes are different from natural changes in climate that are observed in similar periods. Used when it results from natural change or human activity (Edenhofer et al., 2011). From this point of view, climate change has recently emerged as a combined result. Reaching an agreement through ambitious action to tackle climate change is critical to human progress in the 21st century. Several steps have been taken in this regard worldwide; In a way, the largest international body, the United Nations and the Security Council, as its security pillar, has also put this issue on its agenda as a threat to international peace and security. The emergence of these works and the increasing importance of the subject raises many questions in mind: can we reduce the risks of these changes? Despite a scientific consensus among scientists, is this consensus specific to climate change among world politicians? Do the strategies and actions taken by the United Nations fit the current needs of human societies? What is the main challenge of the UN and the international community in terms of climate change? Can the Security Council take key steps to reduce climate change in the future? If, outside the United Nations, states do not take basic measures; Can the UN and the Security Council force states to comply with global climate change standards?
Key Terms in this Chapter
Polluter Pays Principle: The polluter pays principle stands for the idea that “the environmental costs of economic activities, including the cost of preventing potential harm, should be internalized rather than imposed upon society at large.” All issues related to responsibility for cost for environmental remediation and compliance with pollution control regulations involve this principle.
Prevention: The concept of prevention can perhaps better be considered an overarching aim that gives rise to a multitude of legal mechanisms, including prior assessment of environmental harm, licensing, or authorization that set out the conditions for operation and the consequences for violation of the conditions, as well as the adoption of strategies and policies. Emission limits and other product or process standards, the use of best available techniques, and similar techniques can all be seen as applications of the concept of prevention.
Precautionary Principle: One of the most commonly encountered and controversial principles of environmental law, the Rio Declaration formulated the precautionary principle as follows, to protect the environment, States shall widely apply the precautionary approach according to their capabilities. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. The principle may play a role in any debate over the need for environmental regulation.
Transboundary Responsibility: Defined in the international law context as an obligation to protect one’s environment. UNEP considers transboundary responsibility at the international level to prevent damage to neighboring environments at the international level as a potential limitation on the rights of the sovereign state. Laws that limit externalities imposed upon human health and the environment may be assessed against this principle.
Environmental Law: Environmental law is a collective term encompassing aspects of the law that protect the environment. A related but distinct set of regulatory regimes, now strongly influenced by environmental legal principles, focuses on managing specific natural resources, such as forests, minerals, or fisheries. Other areas, such as environmental impact assessment, may not fit neatly into either category but are nonetheless important components of environmental law. Previous research found that when environmental law reflects moral values for betterment, legal adoption is more likely to be successful, usually in well-developed regions. In less-developed states, changes in moral values are necessary for successful legal implementation when environmental law differs from moral values.