Cyber-physical systems, in short CPS, is a the term coined by Ellen Gill in the year 2006. It is a kind of embedded system. It is a kind of next generation computing systems that comprises the interacting digital, analog, physical components by integrated physics and logic. This CPS is associated and allied with other technologies and concepts such as big data analytics, cloud computing, internet of things (IoT). Furthermore, cyber-physical systems is making smart things by enabling smart grid, smart cities, and other intelligent and smart things, for example, cars, buildings, homes, manufacturing, hospitals, appliances. This chapter discusses the aspects of cyber-physical systems including its basics, features, functions, and emerging and possible roles. Moreover, this chapter also discusses the current trends on educational programs, training programs in the areas of cyber-physical systems internationally with potentiality in Indian context, and it depicts many opportunities in the contemporary scenario.
TopIntroduction
In the year 2006 the term Cyber-Physical Systems was coined by the Ellen Gill. This is known as an important embedded systems and fall under the Next Generation Computing System which is connected with the computational techniques and various computational stakeholders (Agarwal, P., 2007; Chen, G. et.al., 2018). In Cyber-Physical Systems three important means are Computation, Communication and Controls. In CPS, Internet of Things (IoT) plays a leading role due to its connections with the computational and physical units and aspects that leads the advancement in implementations of healthy and sophisticated communication systems. According to some experts ‘digital controls’ and the ‘physical environment’ merges and developed Cyber-Physical Systems (Colombo, A. W., et.al., 2014; Paul, P.K. et.al., 2017c). In Cyber-Physical Systems there are two combinations viz. Cyber related elements with physical Components basically results in Cyber-Physical Systems which is simply an information processing computer system, and furthermore embedded into a product and that can also be integrated into the car, plane or any kind of other device. The basic structure is depicted herewith in Fig:1.
Figure 1. Basic Cyber Physical Systems Structure with attributes
According to the experts in a particular car, the embedded system may be considered as the Anti-lock / Anti-Skid Braking System for controlling the break force. And here the particular systems interact with the physical environment with the uses of Sensors and Actuators (Alguliyev, R. et.al., 2018; Ali, S. et.al., 2015; Paul, P.K., et.al. 2020) Therefore it is important to note that such embedded systems basically no longer standalone and basically they share the contents and data with efficient communication networks like the internet and here cloud computing and similar systems may be used in which data from various embedded systems can be collected and processed. In this regard, CPS can be treated in developing a system of systems, and here decentralized by a computational unit. Here in CPS, the data can be collected and processed by the Human Machine Interface (HMI), (Humayed, A., et.al., 2017; Khaitan, S. K., et.al., 2014). In Cyber-Physical Systems IoT is considered as important and valuable as here devices and systems are effectively connected by internet and do the performances in real time data collection remotely, and furthermore can be processed with other devices. According to the experts, Cyber-Physical Systems can be worked with two computer systems’s types viz. Computers (such as Notebooks, Desktop Server and PCs etc), Embedded Computing Systems (i.e. important in the industry, organizations as well as in the invisible part of environment).
Therefore CPS is a kind of intelligent system and mechanism which is merged with the hardware, software and connected with a network and by this ‘physical systems & world’ properly connected with the ‘virtual world’. The innovations of the Cyber-Physical Systems is depends on many skill sets and that requires timely updating as per need and development (Ashibani, Y., 2017; Baheti, R., & Gill, H., 2011; Paul, P.K., 2017b). And as a result many educational institutions worldwide are focused on proper and dedicated manpower development in the field.
Cyber-Physical Systems istherefore associated with the traditional embedded systems, computers, software systems practically where principle mission is not computation. As it is applicable in the cars, toys, medical devices, engineering systems etc and thus it is merged and combines with the physical process with computational systems viz. software, network, modeling, designing and analysis techniques. However Cyber-Physical Systems can be defined and marked its progress during the beginning of cybernetics (Hiran, K. K., & Doshi, R., 2013).
TopObjective
The present paper entitled ‘Cyber Physical Systems Emergence with Reference to Manpower Development: An International Scenario with Indian Potentialities’ is proposed with mentioned agendas and objectives—