The possibility of internet of things (IoT) was produced in parallel to WSNs. The term IoT was formulated by Kevin Ashton in 1999 and alludes to remarkably identifies items and their virtual portrayals in a “internet like” structure. While IoT does not accept a specific communication approach, wireless data transfer will assume a noteworthy part, and specifically, WSNs will multiply numerous applications. The small, cheap, and low-powered WSN sensors will bring the IoT to even the smallest items introduced in any sort of condition at sensible expenses. There are several methods and tactics for distributed IoT systems to prevent security attacks or contain the extent of damage of such attacks. Many of these deserve significant computational, communication, and storage requirements, which often cannot be contented by resource-constrained sensor nodes. This chapter proposes a WSN architecture with energy-efficient communication with secure data packets with a proposed LDS (Lino-Dhanasekaran, Suresh) algorithm which is useful in IoT applications.
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Internet of Things
There is a sweeping change in the daily life as well as in running environments of people with intrusion of the services of Internet and Internet enabled services. This is befitting a popular concept in industry, business and everyday life of the human being (Madakam et al, 2015). The expansion of the Internet to Internet of Things [IoT] has been chiefly obsessed by needs of large corporations. The IoT is a technological revolution that represents the future of computing and communications, and its development supports diverse dynamic technical innovations, from wireless sensors to nanotechnology. Naturally Wireless sensor network become the back bone of Internet of Things and its services. IoT is closely in contact with the sensors and actuators to communicate with the real world environment which can be manageable with the help of sensor network infrastructure. So data and information communicated via internet and sensors associated with the devices privacy, security as well as energy efficiency challenges. It is so difficult for developing energy aware software for WSN as they consist of small, tiny limited resource embedded devices that should communicate over low bandwidth wireless links (Linoy et al., 2014).
Wireless Sensor Network (Wsn)
WSN has been identified as an important technology forming the back bone of many industries and services for the 21st century. A sensor network is an infrastructure consisting of monitoring a parameter, processing the sensor outputs and sending that processed data to higher hierarchical modules elements. WSN provides an infrastructure based service that couple between traditional computing and real-time environment. It is an emerging domain for ubiquitous computing paradigm and named as motes
Low cost, intelligent devices with a couple of onboard sensors, with radio waves connectivity and the internet, made to spread in a geographical area, provide incomparable opening for managing and monitoring homes, cities, and the environment. In addition, these micro-sensors connected in network provide immense roles in the defense by generating new capabilities for investigation and observation as well as other strategic roles. These sensors and actuators with local processing power can be deployed underground, in the air, underwater, on human bodies, in vehicles, habitat monitoring.
A given computing capacity becomes exponentially smaller and cheaper with each passing year. Technology advancement in various research centers use the semiconductor fabrication for the sensors helps in construct compatible and handheld communication devices with small tiny electromechanical components. These power regulated, low cost, communication nodes can be deployed throughout an area, helps to monitor physical phenomena and then local processing and communication centers or to the neighboring nodes and coordinating actions with other nodes. Intelligent WSNs has the ability to self-organizing and self-healing capability, illustrated in Figure 1. A wireless network connected to the internet may have a piece of networking hardware to interface with user and or other network called the gateway through which all the routing algorithms are implemented.
In an ad-hoc network, sensor nodes in a wireless module can be deployed in any manner and transferred to any location as needed. Scalability is almost hundred percentages possible in all the sensor network applications and nodes can be easily add on to the existing networks. All this is made possible through the use of robust, efficient network protocols developed specifically for WSNs. Wireless sensor nodes are characterized by being tiny intelligent, low in cost, battery-driven, and deployed randomly or in a deterministic pattern. Network nodes are equipped with wireless transmitters and receivers using antennas that may be unidirectional (isotropic radiation), highly directional (point-to-point), possibly steerable, or some combination thereof.