Developing a South Asian Version of an Implementation Instrument for Understanding the Policy Implementation: Case of COVID-19 in Pakistan

Developing a South Asian Version of an Implementation Instrument for Understanding the Policy Implementation: Case of COVID-19 in Pakistan

Muhammad Fayyaz Nazir, Ellen Wayenberg, Shahzadah Fahed Qureshi
Copyright: © 2023 |Pages: 16
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9213-7.ch004
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Abstract

This study is divided into two phases: translation and the testing of NoMAD. Researchers adopted a four-step approach: forward and backward translation, expert reviews for the test, and improvement of content validity. The translated version was then adopted for understanding the implementation of social distancing in the context of Covid-19 in Pakistan. To analyze the scale validity of U-NoMAD, researchers calculated the Cronbach alpha value through the Confirmatory Factor Analysis approach and analyzed the U-NoMAD strength through a step-wise evaluation process – convergent validity and individual item validity, discriminant validity, and model significance. The initial factor analysis model showed a good fit for coherence and cognitive participation and an unsatisfactory fit for collective action and reflexive monitoring. The results confirmed the NoMAD structure in the Pakistani healthcare settings to acceptable standards. So, the U-NoMAD instrument is valuable in evaluating complex and innovative healthcare interventions.
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2. Implementation Literature

Implementation is a multi-actor (Mirnezami et al., 2019) interaction process (Ownes, 2008) and is a diversified phenomenon (Nevile et al., 2018). Its complexity can be assessed with the understanding of current research trends (La-Barbera, & Lombardo, 2019), such as theoretical integrations (Kennedy et al., 2014:: Band et al., 2017: Farr et al., 2018) and process normalisation. Normalization Process Theory (NPT) explains the implementation process and contains the capacity to explore complex healthcare interventions (May & Finch, 2009). NPT satisfies the mixed-method and quantitative study protocols (Farr et al., 2018). NPT supports understanding the implementation and analysis (Rostami et al., 2018) and assists in data collection (Lionis et al., 2016: Reeve et al., 2018).

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