Humans are born with an innate capacity for intersubjective communication which has a biological basis and regulates cultural learning and thinking. Intersubjectivity reflects the way in which an individual understands and relates to others and is reflected, among other things, through the expression of emotions and the use of symbols. Language development is related to intersubjectivity and children's ability to imitate and learn through the inter-coordination of attention. However, some infants show language delay and are classified as late talkers. There are early signs which reveal early language delay and are associated with intersubjectivity. Furthermore, they may be signs of early diagnosis of a developmental disorder.
TopLanguage is used to communicate amongst people; it is similar to ideas, feelings, and interests, which may be communicated through symbols. It is known to people from the same country, region, or culture and it’s the most sophisticated system in human civilization. According to Verderber (1999), language is the words that are known to individuals from the same nation, location, or culture, as well as the function for their usage in the process of communication. Everyone uses language as a mode of communication to spread ideas and arguments to others on a daily basis. The word is the first component of speech that we have discovered so far that we can assert genuinely “exists” and it’s a symbol of language.
Rabiah (2018) states that language is a system, which means it is made up of several fixed and patternable components. In addition to systematic language, systems are also systemic. Systematic meaning is when language is ordered in a predictable way rather than randomly. While systematic denotes that a language is not a single system but rather a collection of related subsystems. Lexicon, syntax, morphology, and phonology make up the language subsystem. As a result, the language is frequently regarded as both distinctive and universal. Unique refers to features or qualities that are not shared by speakers of other languages, whereas universal refers to features that are shared by speakers of all languages.
Language is a mean of social exchange and the greatest tool of communication. Communication takes place within a context to which the transmitter and the receiver belong. These two are the ends of a communication channel in which the communication takes place:
However, to successfully assimilate the language, the individual must first acquire certain characteristics of the language such as phonology, forms, semantics, syntax, and grammar (Feldman, 2006).
Figure 1.
Communication channel diagram
Language is a powerful means of interpersonal and social communication and an important psychological tool that contributes to interpreting the world, understanding abstract concepts, performing higher mental functions and supporting complex cognitive processes. In this sense, language development is a very important developmental achievement and a strong indicator of a child's overall development (communicative, social, emotional, and cognitive).
Intersubjectivity
Humans are born with an innate communicative ability provided by biological mechanisms that influence learning and thinking. This is known as innate intersubjectivity (Rochat, et al., 2009). This communication discovery is based on the mother-infant relationship, which appears to be a necessary condition for the latter to learn to communicate. This bond is formed even before birth, because the infant recognizes the mother's face even if she remains silent (DeGasper & Fifer 1980). Intersubjectivity is a person's understanding of others and how they develop relationships with them. It is a skill that allows us to share our experiences (Rochat, et al., 2009).
The idea of intersubjectivity is a common concept that encompasses the interpersonal interactions that occur from infancy and about how children begin to understand the thoughts and feelings of others. For the past few decades, researchers have focused on the concept of intersubjectivity and have clarified to a significant level its basic mechanisms in development. Even though language radically changes the way people communicate, there is now much evidence in infancy that shows that intersubjectivity is an important aspect of psychology from the beginning of development long before children learn to speak (Trevarthen, 1979, as cited in Rochat, et al., 2009). Intersubjectivity is based on innate motivations which are of two kinds: one is related to communication with other people, while the other, is related to the infant's interest in objects. Until the age of 9 months the two motives operate independently, whereas from 9 months onwards, the two motives become intertwined, and the infant enters another level of communication.