Emerging Advancement of 3D Bioprinting Technology in Modern Medical Science and Vascular Tissue Engineering Education

Introduction

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is of emergent importance in modern medical areas like prosthetics, dental, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and implants (Barua, Das, et al., 2022a; Chen et al., 2020; Jain et al., 2021; Kačarević et al., 2018). It is also well-known as the additive manufacturing (AM) method because the items are prepared by depositing or extruding the material additively or layer by layer, and the substances may be like biopolymer (PLA/ABS), powder ceramics biomaterials hydrogel, living cells, and others (Barua, Roychowdhury, et al., 2022). Especially in the modern biomedical and tissue engineering field (Barua et al., 2020), this novel technology has significant rewards in divergence from traditional technologies, for example, the ability to manufacture patient-explicit challenging modules, preference scaffolds for tissue engineering, and appropriate material utilization (Barua, Roychowdhury, et al., 2022; Cui et al., 2021). It is also called cell printing or organ printing, which is a layer-by-layer manufacturing method in which live cells that are mixed with biomaterials are directly deposited for constructing complex 3D useful tissues or organs (Barua et al., 2021; Datta et al., 2018). Especially 3D bioprinting has dissimilar applications ranging from tissue engineering to regenerative medicine and reconstructive surgery (Barua et al., 2023; Chen et al., 2020; Meyer-Szary et al., 2022). Because of its individuation and controllable characteristics, 3D bioprinting invites an excessive concern for modern biomedical and healthcare research (Barua et al., 2019). Figure 1 shows the emergent application of 3D bioprinting technology in advanced healthcare and biomedical sectors.

3D-printed patient-specific models resembling congenital heart defects are currently utilized for training and communication in various studies (García-Herrera et al., 2012; Kiraly et al., 2015; Olivieri et al., 2016). Inexperienced trainees can be well taught and accustomed to developing novel devices in treating mitral valve interventions and left atrial appendage occlusion using 3D-printed cardiovascular constructs. Several studies have shown the wide application of 3D-printed constructs in training catheter-based skills (Mafeld et al., 2017).

Figure 1.

Application of 3D Bioprinting in Various Modern Healthcare and Biomedical Sectors.

Main Focus Of The Chapter

This chapter critically outlines the impact and application of 3D printing in cardiovascular research, education, and clinical translation. Significant advancements in 3D printing technology have led to the development of patient-specific anatomical models in recent years (Garcia et al., 2018). This has been a blessing for patients with unique anatomy and congenital heart defects requiring multiple surgical interventions (Shafiee & Atala, 2016). The potential of medication is organic, and scientists look forward to substituting severely injured tissue with bio-printed physical performance tissue in a while. It has formed the foundation for generating bone-like tissue architectures with vessel networks. 3D bioprinting is not presently in advanced traction in manufacturing, but it is also fast traction in regenerative medicine. Researchers want to utilize this 3D bioprinting procedure to make modified biocompatible scaffolds that will restore irrevocably injured tissue (Nagarajan et al., 2018). There will be a variety of recompenses that 3D bioprinting brings to the work to progress and accumulate patients' lives. This modern technology will facilitate teaching future surgeons and practice for real-time measures (Sommer & Blumenthal, 2019).