Emerging Technologies to Enhance Human-Machine Interaction and to Facilitate Industrial Paradigm Shift to Industry 5.0: A Comprehensive Review

Introduction

Industry 4.0 connects machines and systems in the factory. It is easy to access the equipment via mobile applications, remote sensing, and drones; briefly, it connects the physical world with the digital world. (EHDR da Silva et al.,2019) The key technologies of Industry 4.0 are IoT, robotics, artificial intelligence, computing, additive manufacturing, cyber-physical systems (CPS), AR (Augmented Reality), and VR (Virtual Reality). However, manufacturers are increasing their expenditures on IoT, machine learning, and automation. For the next 5–10 years, the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of digital manufacturing will rise. Industry 5.0 is like the fourth industrial revolution with some changes; Industry 5.0 is an integration of machines and humans, which is an automatically operated system. With technologies like quantum computing and cyber-physical systems such as digital twins, blockchain, and cobots, digital manufacturing represents the fifth phase, or Industry 5.0. Work is done collaboratively and using robots makes difficult activities done by humans easier and increases mass production compared to manually operated systems. In 2027, the global market for digital manufacturing will be valued more 450 billion United States dollars and raise at a CAGR of 12.9%. The vast amount of data that these linked items produce serves as the 21st century's raw material (Yuval Cohen et al.,2019). Furthermore, as manufacturers increase the level of automation made feasible with Al, which is machine vision, real-time information analytics, and Edge Computing, which is discrete production is predicted to expand quickly.

The main challenge of Industry 5.0 is that workers cannot collaborate with robots because the robots cannot understand the workers' communication and cannot understand what they are saying. Industry 5.0 is the result of the convergence of advanced technology and design that is oriented towards people. Together, machines and human beings generate products in a symbiotic way, with each bringing a separate set of strengths to the process. Cobots (collaborative robots) are key components of Industry 5.0, as they can be easily and quickly programmed to adapt to changing production demands, boosting industrial flexibility (Sahan A. M. et al., 2023). Industry 5.0 influenced industries other than manufacturing, such as healthcare, education, and coordination, which embraced similar concepts of human-machine collaboration. Manufacturing has improved greatly because of the quick transition from industrial 4.0 to 5.0.

The fifth generation of industry efforts to overcome the issues highlighted by Industry 4.0 while developing a more productive, customised, and ecological manufacturing method by focusing on the merging of physical, digital, and biological systems. This transition will be facilitated by the deployment of modern innovations such as artificial intelligence and the IoT, which can enhance productivity, consumer health and happiness (Abilesh, K. S. et al., 2023). One of the major technologies in Industry 4.0 was Virtual reality (VR) is a significant advancement in the merging of software and hardware technologies. A human can interact with a three-dimensional virtual environment in virtual reality by using interactive gear, such as goggles, headsets, gloves, or body suits, that transmit signals and information (Raffik R. et al., 2023). Internet and various digital communication channels are utilized to interact with potential customers for their brand promotions in digital online marketing. Digital marketing also includes marketing channels, text messaging, multimedia marketing, all social networking platforms, emails, and web-based solutions for product advertisements.

Virtual reality might develop into a more potent and useful tool in the future. Hospitals, schools, the automobile industry, marketing, tourism, engineering, gaming, and entertainment are just a few of the industries that benefit from it. Businesses in the quick-paced digital world are always looking for fresh ways to connect with customers and set themselves apart from the competition. The benefits of employing virtual reality in digital manufacturing go beyond the enhancement of individual process efficiency and competence. VR has the potential to be a fantastic tool for product promotion on a digital marketing platform. The digital marketing platform may approach or offer its products in a three-dimensional simulation using VR-integrated devices. The customer might thus enjoy the gratification of reviewing a new product without visiting a store.