Evaluation of the Development Level of Provinces in Turkey and Incentives for Research and Development

Literature

In the literature, R&D Incentives have a place in the empirical literature, especially in the context of their relationship with R&D expenditures at the firm level and evaluations made in the context of legislation. This situation can be said to arise from the expectation that R&D incentives will decrease the R&D costs of the companies and consequently increase the R&D expenditures. Although it is stated that these studies measuring the effectiveness of R&D incentives are limited on the basis of country samples (Takalo et al., 2013), there is a wider literature for other countries (Acconcia and Cantabene, 2018; Ernst and Spengel, 2011; Freitas et al., 2017; Guellec and Pottelsberghe, 2000; Hall and Van Reenen, 2000; Huang, 2009; Takalo et al., 2013; Thomson, 2009; Wang and Tsai, 1998; Yang et al., 2012), especially when compared to the case of Turkey (Ersungur et al., 2018; Göçer, 2014; Kutbay and Öz, 2017; Şimşek et al., 2004).