Hydrogen Production From Waste and Renewable Resources

1. Introduction

Modernization, rapid industrialization and speedy urbanization with fast-growing population lead to degradation of the natural environment, waste generation, greenhouse gases emission, energy crisis, which are the major challenges in the developing countries (Doman et al., 2013). Global primary energy demand is increasing at a rate of 2.1% per year with projected to total increase of 56% by 2040. Fossil fuels are the primary fuels shares more than 85% of global energy demand. Conventional fuels are limited and non-renewable in nature, their utilization release the greenhouse gases emission mainly CO₂. Further, global CO₂ emission from fossil fuel combustion and industrial process is estimated around 35.7 billion tones in 2014 (EAA Annual Report 2015/2016, n.d.). Today there is broad scientific consensus that human activities have altered our climate and climate change have become global challenges for our society and humankind. Mitigating these repercussions will demand sizeable reductions in carbon emissions by minimizing fossil fuels based energy and that can be achieve only if conscientious action is take now to change how our society produces hydrogen or renewable energy by processes its wastes (Hallenbeck & Benemann, 2002; Hosseini & Wahid, 2016a). These challenges required growing interest in renewables energy resources such as hydrogen as energy carrier. Indeed, one of the most promising approaches to these critical problems is the conversion of waste materials into renewable energy such as hydrogen gas (Chaurasia et al., 2019).